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Wallsend in Northumberland County England History and GeographyWALLSEND, a parish in the eastern division of CASTLE ward, county of NORTHUMBERLAND, 3½ miles (E.N.E.) from Newcastle upon Tyne, comprising the townships of Howden-Pans, Wallsend, and Wellington, and containing 5103 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the archdeaconry of Northumberland, and diocese of Durham, and in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Durham. The church, dedicated to St. Peter, is a neat stone building with a spire, situated at some distance from the village: it was erected at the expense of nearly £5000, of which, about £3300 was raised by tontine; the first stone was laid in 1807, and it was consecrated in August 1809. The old church, which was dedicated to the Holy Cross, has been pulled down. There are three places of worship for Methodists, and one for Anti-Burghers. The name of this parish is obviously derived from its situation at the extremity of the wall of Severus, on the east: it contained the Roman station Legedunum, so called from its situation, and from having been a magazine for corn, whence other stations in the interior were supplied. It was garrisoned by the first cohort of the Lergi, who were stationed here for the defence of their shipping, of which the Romans kept, in the rivers on the borders of their settlements, ships called lusori', which were always on the alert, either to protect them from the invasion of the inhabitants of the neighbouring coasts, or to assist them in extending their empire, by the invasion of the territories of their neighbours; and many altars, coins, and urns, with other curious relics, have been discovered upon the spot. Beyond this point the wall does not appear to have been continued; the Tyne itself, near its influx into the ocean, forming, by its great breadth and depth, a sufficient barrier against the incursions of those enemies, from whose frequent depredations it was originally erected, to protect the inhabitants of this part of the island. The ruins of a quay still further evince that it was anciently a considerable trading colony of the Romans, who, more than one thousand years since, discharged their freights where now are numerous staiths, projecting from the northern bank of the Tyne, whence vessels employed in the coal trade are continually taking in immense quantities of the excellent coal termed 'Wallsend,' for the London and other markets. Here are several yards for shipbuilding, extensive limekilns, and manufactories for copperas and earthenware. The village is large and well-built, situated near the Shields road, and contains many good houses, with a spacious green in the centre, crossed by a raised causeway. At its eastern extremity is a school-room, with a house and garden for the master, given, in 1748, by Mrs. Stewart and Mrs. Muncaster, for the education of children: the Sunday schools are attended by about six hundred boys and girls. Wallsend is the birthplace of the two brothers, John and William Martin, the first distinguished as historical painter to the king, the other as an ingenious inventor of several useful machines. In October 1821, fifty-two individuals were killed by an explosion in one of the neighbouring collieries. From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale |
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