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Tynemouth in Northumberland County England History and GeographyTYNEMOUTH, a parish in the eastern division of CASTLE ward, county of NORTHUMBERLAND, comprising the chapelries of North Shields and Whitley, and the townships of Chirton, Cullercoats, Monkseaton, Murton, or Moortown, Preston, and Tynemouth, and containing 24,820 inhabitants, of which number, 9454 are in the township of Tynemouth, 8½ miles (E.N.E.) from Newcastle upon Tyne. This parish is of great extent, occupying the south-eastern section of the county; the river Tyne bounds it on the south, in its course to the ocean, which forms the eastern limit; on the north and west are the parishes of Earsdon, Long Benton, and Wallsend. It abounds with coal; there is also some iron-stone, and the only limestone strata in the county. In the time of the ancient Britons the village was denominated Penbal Crag, or 'the head of the rampart on the rock:' from remains discovered in 1783, it is conjectured that the Romans had a strong fortress here. A chapel, composed of wood, was built by Edwin, King of Northumberland, in 625; it was afterwards rebuilt with stone by Oswald, in the eighth century, and dedicated to St. Mary, and, having been repeatedly plundered by the Danes, was refounded by Tostig, Earl of Northumberland: in 1074 it was annexed to the monastery of Jarrow, and both institutions were made cells to the abbey of Durham. In 1090, it was elevated into a priory for Black canons by Earl Mowbray, who converted it into a fortress during the period of his conspiracy against William Rufus, when it was again nearly demolished, but rebuilt in 1110. After other ravages, it became the occasional residence of the queens of Edward I. and II., was afterwards plundered by the Scots, and eventually surrendered in 1539, when its revenue was valued at £511. 4. 1. After the dissolution, the church continued parochial until the year 1657, when, having become ruinous, a new parish church was built at North Shields, and dedicated to Christ. Of the ancient priory there are still some interesting and venerable remains, principally in the early style of English architecture, with some portions of earlier date in the north aisle: they consist chiefly of a gateway, exploratory turret, the eastern part of the church, and other parts now converted into a magazine for military stores; the tower having been appropriated as a barrack, capable of accommodating about four hundred soldiers: they stand within the walls of the castle, near the east end of the village, on a peninsula of stupendous rocks, at the mouth of the Tyne, against which the sea sometimes breaks with great fury. The approach from the west is by means of a drawbridge, and by a gateway of square form, the whole being defended by a double wall, extending to the shore, and a deep outer ditch. During the civil commotions in the reign of Charles, this fortress was defended by the Earl of Newcastle, in 1642, but eventually captured in 1645: a governor and deputy-governor are still appointed to it. In 1672, Clifford's fort was constructed at the mouth of the river, commanding the entrance to the harbour; and, in 1758, barracks were erected near the village, for the accommodation of one thousand men; but, at the general peace, they were sold, and have since been converted into dwelling-houses, which now constitute Percy-square. This place consists principally of one long street, and is much resorted to in the bathing season, having some commodious and elegant baths, erected in 1807. At Collercoats Sands is a mineral spring, which is in considerable repute. The living is a discharged vicarage, in the archdeaconry of Northumberland, and diocese of Durham, rated in the king's books at £24. 19. 4., and in the alternate patronage of the Duke of Northumberland and Sir J. D. Astley, Bart. The church, dedicated to St. Oswin, and formerly belonging to the priory, is in ruins: the parish church is in North Shields. His Majesty's commissioners for building churches have proposed a grant for a new church at Tynemouth. In 1825, Mr. Kettlewell bequeathed the sum of £7000, to build and endow a school in this parish. From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale |
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