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Tenterden in Kent County England History and GeographyTENTERDEN, a market town and parish within the cinque-port liberties, having separate jurisdiction, though locally in the hundred of Tenterden, lathe of Scray, county of KENT, 18 miles (S.E. by S.) from Maidstone, and 53 (S.E. by E.) from London, containing 3259 inhabitants. This place, of which the present name appears to be a corruption of Theinwarden, or the ward of Thanes, that is, the guard in the valley, was one of the first places in which the woollen manufacture was established, in the reign of Edward III. It became a scene of opposition to the Church of Rome at an early period, prior to the Reformation, when, in the time of Archbishop Warham, forty-eight inhabitants of the town and its vicinity were publicly accused of heresy, and five of them condemned to be burned. The town stands upon a pleasant eminence, surrounded by some fine plantations of hops: the houses are well built and of respectable appearance. The town-hall was built in 1792, the former having been destroyed by fire, and contains a commodious room occasionally used for public assemblies. The Royal Military canal passes within six miles of the town. The market, principally for corn, is held on Friday; and there is a fair for horses, cattle, and pedlary, on the first Monday in May. The inhabitants were incorporated, by the style of 'The Bayliffe and Commonaltie of the Town and Hundred of Tenterden,' and the town annexed as a member to the town and port of Rye, by Henry VI.; a new charter was granted in the 42nd of Elizabeth, changing the style to 'Mayor, Jurats, and Commons,' according to the provisions of which the town is governed by a mayor, twelve jurats, and admitted freemen (not limited as to number), who are the commons: the mayor, who is also coroner, annually elected on the 29th of August, and the jurats, are chosen by the commons, and the latter by the mayor and jurats: a town clerk, chamberlain, and two serjeants at mace, are appointed by the corporation: the mayor and jurats hold a court of quarter sessions, with power to try for all offences, except treason, and choose a high constable and six borsholders for the town and hundred. The mayor, and two or more jurats, also hold a court of record, every fifteen days, for the recovery of debts to any amount, and for trying all pleas, its jurisdiction extending over the hundred, which includes only this parish and part of Ebony. The living is a vicarage, in the archdeaconry and diocese of Canterbury, rated in the king's books at £33. 12. 11., and in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury. The church, which is dedicated to St. Mildred, is spacious and handsome, with a lofty tower at the west end, to which a beacon was formerly attached. There are places of worship for Baptists, Wesleyan Methodists, and Unitarians. At Smallhythe, in this parish, is a chapel, erected about 1509, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, and licensed by faculty from Archbishop Warham: it is repaired and maintained out of lands in this parish and that of Wittersham, vested in feoffees, and the chaplain is appointed by the inhabitants. It appears that, at the time of the erection of this chapel, the sea came up to Smallhythe, as power was then given to inter in the chapelyard the bodies of shipwrecked persons cast on shore. The free grammar school founded, at an early period, by an ancestor of the late Sir Peter Hayman, was endowed, in 1521, by William Marshall, with a rent-charge of £10, and, in 1702, by John Mantel, with the sum of £200, which was laid out in land: the present income is £58. 15. per annum, which sum is appropriated to the support of the National school, six scholars being always kept distinct, and taught the Latin tongue, on the original foundation: one hundred boys and eighty girls are instructed; and the vicar and the members of the corporation are governors; the remainder of the expense is defrayed by voluntary contributions. In 1660, Dame Jane Maynard bequeathed land for apprenticing children and the maintenance of poor widows. Hoole, the translator of Tasso, resided at this place. Tenterden confers the title of baron on the family of Abbot; Sir Charles Abbot, Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench, having been raised to the peerage by that title, on the 30th of April, 1827. From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale |
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