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Streatham in Surrey County England History and GeographySTREATHAM, a parish in the eastern division of the hundred of BRIXTON, county of SURREY, 6 miles (S. by W.) from London, comprising the hamlets of Upper Tooting and Balham Hill, and containing 3616 inhabitants. This parish, which derives its name from its situation near the great Roman road from Arundel to London, is almost connected with the metropolis by continuous ranges of building, and extends along the principal road to Brighton for nearly three miles. The houses, which are mostly modern, are well built, and interspersed with several detached villas and stately mansions, particularly in the neighbourhood of the common. Streatham park was formerly the residence of Mrs. Thrale, afterwards Madame Piozzi, where Dr. Johnson spent much of his time. The neighbourhood is richly wooded, and is diversified with hills and vallies, and the surrounding scenery is finely varied: the air, which is considered particularly salubrious and invigorating, combining with other local advantages, has rendered this village a favourite residence of many opulent families. Among the attractions is a mineral spring, which was discovered in 1660, and is still held in esteem, being highly efficacious in scorbutic eruptions, and in many other cases. The only branch of manufacture is that of silk, recently introduced. The parish is within the jurisdiction of the court of requests for the eastern division of the hundred of Brixton, held in the borough of Southwark, for the recovery of debts under £5, and within the limits of the new police establishment. The living is a rectory, in the archdeaconry of Surrey, and diocese of Winchester, rated in the king's books at £18. 13. 9., and in the patronage of the Duke of Bedford. The ancient church, dedicated to St. Leonard, with the exception of the tower, which is of flint, and surmounted by a spire of shingles, forming a picturesque object in the distant landscape, was taken down in 1830, and is now being rebuilt upon an enlarged scale. A chapel has been erected at Upper Tooting, within the last few years, of which the living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Rector. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyan Methodists. A National school is supported by subscription. Mrs. Elizabeth Howland, in 1716, bequeathed £20 per annum for clothing and educating ten girls; and Mrs. Dorothy Appleby, in 1681, left £5 per annum for apprenticing a poor child annually. The St. Anne's Society for the maintenance, clothing, and education of poor children of both sexes was originally established in 1709, and for nearly a century had only a day school in London for clothing and instructing thirty children of each sex from all parts of the kingdom. The first asylum which this society established in the country was at Lavenham, in Suffolk, in 1794, where twenty boys were admitted on the foundation; this establishment was subsequently removed to Peckham in Surrey, where the number of boys increased to sixty-eight, but the efforts of the committee to extend the benefit of the institution, rendered it necessary to provide more ample accommodation, and the present handsome building, adapted to the reception of one hundred and fifty children, was, in 1830, erected at Brixton Hill, in this parish, at an expense of £8000. It is a handsome edifice of brick, having a basement of stone, channelled in horizontal lines, with a central piazza, from which rises a portico of four Ionic columns, supporting a triangular pediment with frieze and cornice continued round the building, which is also decorated at the angles with ant? of corresponding character: it occupies, with the grounds attached, more than two acres of freehold land. The internal arrangements are well adapted to the purposes of the institution, and the management is under the superintendence of a committee of governors, chosen from the subscribers, by whom the institution is supported. The funds have been materially assisted by a liberal contribution of £3000 by Mrs. Partis, of Bath, towards the erection of the new asylum; in acknowledgment of which benefit, Mrs. Partis has the right, in perpetuity, of placing two boys and two girls in the institution, which after her decease, will devolve to the trustees of Partis' College, near Bath, noticed in our account of that city. There are at present seventy-eight boys and twenty-eight girls, who are educated, clothed, and wholly maintained, the boys till they are fourteen, and the girls till they are fifteen, years of age, when they are apprenticed and placed out at the expense of the society. Thirty boys and thirty girls are still clothed and instructed in the school in London, of whom ten boys, and five girls, are annually admitted on the foundation at Brixton, according to seniority and merit; the remainder are elected by the governors at large, without reference to any particular district, the asylum being open to necessitous children from every part of the kingdom; any person may place a child in the institution by paying the sum of £105. The celebrated Dr. B. Hoadley, Bishop of Bangor, was for several years rector of this parish, previously to his promotion to the see of Salisbury. From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale |
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