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Sandhurst in Berks County England History and GeographySANDHURST, a parish in the hundred of SONNING, county of BERKS, 5¼ miles (S. by E.) from Workingham, containing 771 inhabitants. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the peculiar jurisdiction and patronage of the Dean of Salisbury, endowed with £600 royal bounty, and £1600 parliamentary grant. The church is dedicated to St. Michael. John Moseley, in 1773, bequeathed a trifling annuity for teaching six children. In this parish is the Royal Military College, for the scientific instruction of cadets intended for the army, and of officers already possessing military commissions. The two branches of this national institution were first temporarily placed at High Wycombe, in 1799, and removed to Great Marlow, in 1802, by their founder, His Royal Highness the late Duke of York, on a plan furnished by Major-General J. G. Le Marchant, who fell gallantly fighting at the battle of Salamanca. In 1812, the establishment at Marlow was removed to the present magnificent structure, which had been erected at the national expense, and where, since the year 1820, both branches of the institution have been concentrated. The senior department, as it is called, is a school for the staff, where officers of all ranks already in the service are admitted to study: the junior department is appropriated to the professional education of young gentlemen intended for the cavalry and infantry. Since its foundation the college has afforded instruction to above three thousand young gentlemen for the service, besides qualifying above four hundred and fifty other officers for the staff. Its affairs are under the control of a board of commissioners, under the presidency of the Commander in Chief, consisting of the Secretary at War, the Master General of the Ordnance, and the principal general officers on the home staff of the army. The institution, however, is immediately governed by a general, having under him a colonel, as lieutenant-governor, with other officers. The instruction, both of the senior students and the gentlemen cadets, is conducted under the superintendence of the military authorities of the college, by professors and masters in the various branches of study; of which the chief are mathematics, practical astronomy, the theory of fortification and actual construction of field works, military drawing and surveying, the principal modern languages, the Latin classics, and general history: the young gentlemen are also regularly instructed in military exercises and riding. The college stands in the midst of extensive and picturesque grounds, with a fine sheet of water in front of it, and surrounded by many thriving and beautiful plantations. The edifice, which has a fine Doric portico of eight columns, is of a simple and majestic character: it is calculated for the reception of four hundred gentlemen cadets, and thirty students of the senior department; the length of the main building being four hundred and thirty-four feet, and that of the whole principal fa?ade no less than nine hundred. The house of the governor stands detached in its own grounds; that of the lieutenant-governor closes the western extremity of the front range; and the quarters of the officers of the establishment form, with the main building, a square in its rear; while the masters' houses, at the distance of about a quarter of a mile in front, are built on a terrace overlooking the high western road. A well-situated observatory, and a spacious riding-house, one hundred and ten feet by fifty, are among the detached buildings; and the principal edifice, besides the halls of study, the dining-halls, and dormitories of the gentlemen cadets, and servants' offices, contains a handsome octagonal room, in which the public examinations are held, and a very neat and chastely decorated chapel. From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale |
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