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Saltash in Cornwall County England History and GeographySALTASH, a borough, market town, and chapelry, in the parish of ST. STEPHEN, having separate jurisdiction, though locally in the southern division of the hundred of East, county of CORNWALL, 21 miles (S.S.E.) from Launceston, and 220 (W.S.W.) from London, containing 1548 inhabitants. This is a place of considerable antiquity, the county assizes having been held here so early as 1393. In the civil commotions between Charles I. and the parliament, its local importance was evinced in the repeated contests for possession by both the conflicting parties, which terminated in its final abandonment by the royalists in 1646; during this collision the town was fortified. It is pleasantly situated on a steep rocky elevation rising from the western bank of the river Tamar, and consists principally of three narrow streets irregularly formed; the houses in general are of ancient appearance. The market is on Saturday; and fairs are held on Candlemasday, and July 25th, for cattle; there are likewise four quarterly shows for cattle. The inhabitants are, for the greater part, fishermen, or persons connected with the docks of Devonport. The first charter of incorporation was granted in the reign of Henry III., which was confirmed by Richard II., and renewed, with additional privileges, by Charles II., in 1682, under the provisions of which the municipal body consists of a mayor and six aldermen, styled 'the council of the borough,' with an indefinite number of free burgesses, assisted by a recorder and other officers. The mayor is chosen annually from among the aldermen, by the aldermen and free burgesses; the aldermen out of the free burgesses, and the town clerk by the aldermen. The property of the oysterfishery, to the mouth of the Tamar, except between Candlemas and Easter, with river dues for anchorage, buoyage, and salvage, and a right of ferry, are vested in the corporation, and their coroner sits upon all bodies found drowned in the river. Holding the manor under the duchy of Cornwall, they are empowered, by the charter, to hold a court of admiralty for the borough, and liberty of the river Tamar. A court of record, established by charter of the 35th of George III., for the recovery of debts to any amount, is held every week, at which the mayor and aldermen, or any two of them, preside. Sessions for the division are held quarterly in the guildhall: the assizes have not been held here for many years. Saltash first returned members to parliament in the reign of Edward VI.: the elective franchise is in the freeholders of the borough possessing burgage tenements, about seventy in number: the mayor is the returning officer. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the archdeaconry of Cornwall, and diocese of Exeter, and in the patronage of the Mayor and Corporation. The chapel, dedicated to St. Nicholas, is an ancient structure, with a fine massive tower: in the interior is a magnificent monument to the memory of three brothers who were drowned. There is a place of worship for Baptists. Here are endowments of uncertain date; one by John Francis Buller, to the amount of £15 per annum, for the instruction of poor children at the National school, and the other by the Crown, of £6. 17. 2. per annum, in aid of the grammar school. From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale |
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