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Jarrow in Durham County England History and GeographyJARROW, a parish in the eastern division of CHESTER ward, county palatine of DURHAM, comprising the chapelries of Heworth, and South Shields, and the townships of Harton, Monkton with Jarrow, and Westoe, and containing 24,189 inhabitants, of which number, 3530 are in the joint township of Monkton and Jarrow, with Headworth and Hebburn included, 2¾ miles (S.W. by W.) from South Shields. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the archdeaconry and diocese of Durham, endowed with £400 private benefaction, and £ 1000 parliamentary grant. Cuthbert Ellison, Esq. was patron in 1808. The church, dedicated to St. Paul, was partially rebuilt in 1783, but retains some Norman traces, particularly the tower on the north side: the original church, according to an inscription on a stone, was built in 685. There are two places of worship for Wesleyan Methodists. This parish, which is situated on the southern bank of the Tyne, ahounds with coal, and the Jarrow pit is one of the deepest in the coal district; the shaft sinks one hundred and seventy fathoms, but the workings have been carried to the depth of two hundred. Here are numerous manufactories connected with the trade of the port of Newcastle. In a ruined haven, called the Slake, which covers about four hundred and sixty acres of ground, the royal navy of Ecgfrid is supposed to have anchored. The village, about one mile in length, is inhabited almost solely by pitmen and their families. The early importance of Jarrow may be attributed to a monastery founded by Benedict, and built on a piece of ground granted by King Ecgfrid: it was completed in 685, and dedicated to St. Paul, of which event there exists a memorial on a stone in the arch of the tower of the present church, which is inscribed in Roman characters. On the establishment of this religious house, Venerable Bede, a native of Monkton in this parish, entered it at the age of nine years, received the rudiments of his education here, and, subsequently becoming an ecclesiastic, spenthis useful and literary life within its walls, where he died in 735, and was buried 'in a porch built to his honour on the north side of the church.' In the vestry-room of the church is his celebrated chair, rudely formed of oak, which was invested by the superstitious devotees of those days with various miraculous powers. This monastery is stated to have been destroyed by the Danes in 870, and again by the Conqueror in 1070: it was afterwards re-established, and became a cell to the monastery of St. Cuthbert, at Durham, and at the dissolution its revenue was valued at £40. 7. 8. The remains are adjacent to the church, but now consist of little more than a few short Saxon columns and tombs. Numerous Roman relics have been discovered at various times: when the church was rebuilt, an inscribed tablet and the fragment of an altar were found; and, on the alteration of the road near Jarrow Row, two square pavements of Roman brick were uncovered. From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale |
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