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Hatfield (bishop's) in Hertford County England History and GeographyHATFIELD (BISHOP'S), a market town and parish in the hundred of BROADWATER, county of HERTFORD, 7 miles (W.S.W.) from Hertford, and 19 (N.N.W.) from London, on the great north road, containing 3215 inhabitants. The manor, which was an ancient demesne of the crown, was given by King Edgar to the monastery of St. Ethelreda, at Ely; and that religious foundation having been converted into a bishoprick by Henry I., in 1108, the parish thence received the prefix to its name. Here the bishops of Ely had a palace, which was rebuilt by John Morton, who held the see from 1478 to 1486; of this edifice the gateway and the west front are still standing, near the east end of the parish church. Henry VIII. having obtained this manor by exchange, the palace became a royal residence; and from it Edward VI. and Elizabeth were conducted to London to take possession of the throne, after the death of their respective predecessors, the latter, during the reign of Mary having been kept here in confinement. The town is situated on the declivity of a steep hill, to the west of the river Lea, and consists of one principal street, intersected by a smaller, which are, during the winter months, lighted with oil. A silk-mill, worked by a steam-engine, furnishes employment to about two hundred persons, chiefly children; and there is a paper-mill on the river Lea. The market is on Thursday: fairs are held on the 23rd of April and the 3th of October. The town is within the jurisdiction of the county magistrates, who hold here a petty session for the division; and a court leet is held by the Marquis of Salisbury, who is lord of the manor. The living is a rectory with the perpetual curacy of Totteridge, in the archdeaconry of Huntingdon, and diocese of Lincoln, rated in the king's books at £36. 2. 1., and in the patronage of the Earl of Salisbury. The church, dedicated to St. Ethelreda, stands on the summit of a hill on which the town is situated; on the north side of the chancel is the sepulchral chapel of the family of the Marquis of Salisbury, in which is a fine marble monument to Robert Cecil, first Earl of Salisbury, and Lord High Treasurer in the reign of James I.; and on the south side is a chapel belonging to the proprietors of Brocket hall, in this parish. There is a place of worship for Independents. A National school for boys is kept in a room over the market-house; and there is a school of industry for girls, with an endowment given in 1733, by Anne, Countess of Salisbury. There are also six almshouses for widows, founded and endowed by the families of Boteler, Serancke, and Salisbury. Hatfield house, the mansion of the Marquis of Salisbury, is a fine specimen of the domestic style of architecture in the reign of James I. From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale |
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