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Germans (St.) in Cornwall County England History and GeographyGERMANS (ST.), a borough, market town, and parish, in the southern division of the hundred of EAST, county of CORNWALL, 19 miles (S. by E.) from Launceston, and 227 (W.S.W.) from London, containing 2404 inhabitants. The town is situated in a beautiful valley, on the borders of a creek called St. Germans, formed by the rivers Tidi and Lynher, which, uniting with the Tamar, fall into the sea: the Tidi becomes navigable two miles above St. Germans, at a place called Tiddiford. In the southern part of the parish, which is bounded by the English channel, there is a beacon. This place derived its name from St. Germanus, Bishop of Auxerre, who is supposed to have resided here during a visit which he made to Cornwall, in the fifth century. Athelstan having conquered the Cornish Britons, in the early part of the tenth century, founded here the see of a bishop, which, in the reign of Canute, was removed to Crediton, and subsequently to Exeter. The loss of ecclesiastical authority probably contributed to the decay of the town, the market, then held on Sundays, having become very inconsiderable when the Norman survey was made. Leland mentions it as a poor fishing town; but he adds, the glory of it stood by the priory, which was a convent of Augustine canons, whose revenue at the dissolution amounted to £227. 4. 8. its site is occupied by Port Eliot, a modern mansion belonging to the Earl of St. Germans. The market, which was altered from Sunday to Friday, has long been discontinued; but fairs for cattle are held May 28th and August 1st. The town is governed by a portreeve, chosen annually at the court leet for the manor. It has returned two representatives to parliament ever since 1562: the right of election is vested in householders who have resided twelve months within the borough: the portreeve is the returning officer. The patronage belongs to the Earl of St. Germans. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the peculiar jurisdiction of the Bishop of Exeter, endowed with £1200 parliamentary grant, and in the patronage of the Dean and Canons of Windsor. The church, dedicated to St. Germanus, consists of the nave and aisles of the conventual church, with a fine Norman doorway at the west end, between two low towers: within it are several monuments of the families of Eliot, Glanvill, and Scawen, among which is a magnificent tomb erected in memory of Edward Eliot, uncle of the first Lord Eliot, with a recumbent statue of the deceased, and other figures, executed by Rysbrack; and here is also the monument of Walter Moyle, an eminent writer, the friend and correspondent of Locke, who died in 1721. Nicholas Honey, in 1657, gave land in this parish for the support of a schoolmaster, and other charitable purposes; and here is a parish school, assisted by the benefactions of Lord St. Germans. St. Germans gives the title of earl to the family of Eliot. From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale |
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