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Fulham in Middlesex County England History and GeographyFULHAM, a parish in the Kensington division of the hundred of OSSULSTONE, county of MIDDLESEX, containing, with the chapelry of Hammersmith, 15,301 inhabitants, of which number, 6492 are in the township of Fulham, 4 miles (S.W. by W.) from London. This place, situated on the north bank of the Thames, consists of several irregularly built streets, some of which are paved, and lighted with gas, and is amply supplied with water from the river and from springs. It is a place of considerable antiquity, the Danes having fixed their head-quarters here during their invasion of England in 879; from which, after wintering there, they set sail for Flanders in the spring. In 1642, the Earl of Essex, the parliamentary general, caused a bridge to be built, on barges and lighters, across the Thames, from Fulham to Putney, for the conveyance of his army and artillery into Surrey; and the parliamentary army under Sir Thomas Fairfax was quartered here in 1647. The manor, which appears to have belonged to the see of London from the end of the seventh century, was sold by order of the parliamentary commissioners in 1647, but restored in 1660; and the manor-house, or palace of Fulham, has been, from a very early period, the usual summer residence of the bishops of London. It is built of brick, the oldest part having been erected in the reign of Henry VII., by Bishop Fitz-James. The edifice consists of buildings surrounding two courts; on the north side of the inner court is the chapel, the windows of which are ornamented with stained glass, the greater part of which was removed from the chapel of London House, Aldersgate-street. Bishop Compton, distinguished as a botanist in the beginning of the last century, improved the gardens by the introduction of a number of curious plants and forest trees, particularly from North America. In the vicinity of Fulham are several extensive nursery-grounds, and much of the land is occupied by market-gardeners, who are noted for the cultivation of asparagus. A manufactory for earthenware, in imitation of porcelain, was established in 1684; but this has been long since superseded by a manufactory for brown stoneware. There is an extensive malt-kiln. About 1763, the manufacture of carpets and tapestry was introduced on a small scale, but the undertaking was soon abandoned from want of success. Near Wormholt, or Wormwood Scrubs, is a detached portion of the parish through which the Paddington canal passes: a design has been projected to form a communication with this canal and the Thames, by a navigable line commencing near Fulham, but the undertaking has not been carried into effect further than Kensington, where there is a basin. This place is connected with Putney in Surrey by a wooden bridge over the Thames, built by Mr. Philips, carpenter to George II. Fulham is within the jurisdiction of a court of requests for the recovery of debts under 40s., held in Kingsgate-street, Holborn. The living comprises a rectory and a vicarage, in the archdeaconry of Middlesex, and diocese of London, the former a sinecure, rated in the king's books at £26, and in the patronage of the Bishop of London; and the latter rated at £10, in the patronage of the Rector. The church, dedicated to All Saints, is an ancient stone structure, consisting of a nave, aisles, and chancel, with a handsome tower at the west end, in the decorated English style: within it is a single stone stall, with a canopy ornamented with quatrefoils; and some ancient sepulchral monuments. Among the distinguished persons interred here may be mentioned Dr. William Butts, physician to Henry VIII.; Dr. Richard Zouch, professor of Civil Law at Oxford, in the reign of Charles I.; Bishops Compton, Gibson, Sherlock; and Lowth; Dr. Richard Fiddes, author of a Life of Cardinal Wolsey; and Dr. William Cadogan, an eminent physician, who died in 1797. There is a chapel at Walham Green, dedicated to St. John, which was erected in 1829, at the expense of £9683. 17.9., raised by subscription and a grant from the parliamentary commissioners: it contains one thousand three hundred and seventy sittings, of which five hundred and forty-four are free. In the Fulham division of the parish, on the south side of the road between Kensington and Hammersmith, is a proprietary chapel, erected in 1813 at the expense of Richard Hunt, Esq., and dedicated to St. Mary; and in the Hammersmith division are the church of St. Paul, and the chapel of St. Peter, the latter built by parliamentary grant in 1829. There is a place of worship for Independents. A library is supported by subscription. A National school for boys, and another for girls, containing about three hundred children of both sexes, eighty of whom are clothed, were established in 1811, and endowed with the produce of various benefactions, amounting to about £50 per annum; but they are principally supported by voluntary contributions. An infant school was established in 1830. Sir William Powell, Bart., in 1680, founded twelve almshouses for poor widows, and endowed them with property producing £51 per annum, to which considerable additions have been made by subsequent benefactors. Dr. Thomas Turner, in 1706, bequeathed £100, directing the produce to be applied in apprenticing poor children; and there are many other donations for charitable purposes. From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale |
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