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Columb (St.) Major in Cornwall County England History and GeographyCOLUMB (ST.) MAJOR, a market town and parish in the hundred of PYDER, county of CORNWALL, 32 miles (S.W. by W.) from Launceston, and 245 (W. by S.) from London, containing 2493 inhabitants. This place takes its name from an ancient church erected by the founder of Bodmin priory, and dedicated to St. Columba, and its adjunct, to distinguish it from a smaller town of that name in the same hundred. The town is situated on the summit of an eminence which is supposed to have been occupied as a Danish fortification, and is surrounded by extensive tracts of fine mcadow land: the houses are in general well built, the streets are roughly paved, but not lighted, and the inhabitants are well supplied with water. The market, granted to Sir John Arundel in 1333, by Edward III., is on Thursday, for corn and provisions; there is also a market for butcher's meat only, on Saturday: the market-house is an ancient building in the principal street. The fairs are on the Thursday after Mid-Lent Sunday, for cattle and sheep, and on the Thursday after November 13th, for sheep only. It is in contemplation to construct a canal from Mawgan Porth to this place, the expense of which is estimated at £7000. The county magistrates hold a petty session for the hundred once a month. The living is a rectory, in the archdeaconry of Cornwall, and diocese of Exeter, rated in the king's books at £53. 6. 8., and in the patronage of ' Walker, Esq. The church, dedicated to St. Columba, is an ancient and venerable structure, with a lofty square embattled tower crowned with pinnacles; within are several interesting monuments. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyan Methodists. In 1628, James Jenkins, Esq. gave by will £200, which has been invested in the purchase of land producing £25. 5. per annum, for distribution among the poor. About two miles to the south-east of the town is a large elliptical encampment, called Castle an Dinas, defended by a double vallum, and having only one entrance; the longer diameter of the inner area is one thousand seven hundred feet, and the shorter one thousand five hundred; within it are two tumuli, one of which is surrounded by a small ditch: it is supposed to have been erected by the Danes, and to have been the residence of one of their chiefs. From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale |
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