Cambridge County England History and Geograhy

CAMBRIDGE, a university, borough, and market town, having separate jurisdiction, and forming a hundred of itself, in the county of CAMBRIDGE, on the river Cam, 51 miles (N. by E.) from London. This ancient town was the Grantan-bryege, Granta-briege or Grante-brige, of the Saxon Chronicle, signifying the bridge over the Granta (the ancient name of the river Cam). By the substitution of cognate letters, the Saxon compound was altered after the Norman conquest into Cantebrige, since contracted into Cambridge. The earliest authenticated fact in its history is its conflagration by the Danes in 871, who established on its desolated site one of their principal stations, which they occasionally occupied until the year 901. When the Danish army quartered here had submitted to Edward the Elder, that monarch restored the town; but in 1010 the Danes again laid it waste. During the period that the Isle of Ely was held against William the Conqueror, by the Anglo-Saxon prelates and nobles, William built a castle at Cambridge, on the site, as it is supposed, of the Danish fortress; including also the sites of twenty-seven other houses, that, according to Domesday-book, were then destroyed. In 1088, the town and county were ravaged by Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury, who had espoused the cause of Robert, Duke of Normandy. Upon the agreement made in 1201, during the absence of Richard I. in Palestine, between Prince John and Chancellor Longchamp, the castle was among those which the chancellor was allowed to retain. The town was taken and despoiled by the barons in 1215. King John was at Cambridge about a month before his death: soon after his departure, the castle was taken by the barons, and on his decease a council was held here between them and Louis the Dauphin. In 1265, the inhabitants of the Isle of Ely being in rebellion against Henry III., the king took up his abode in this town and began to fortify it; but being suddenly called away by the tidings of the Earl of Gloucester's success, he left Cambridge without a garrison, in consequence of which it was plundered by the rebels in the Isle, the townsmen having fled at their approach. On the death of Edward VI., the Duke of Northumberland, at that time chancellor of the university, aiming to place Lady Jane Grey on the throne, came hither with an army to seize the Lady Mary, who being at Sir John Huddleston's house at Sawston, and receiving intelligence of his design, escaped into Suffolk. The duke advanced towards Bury, but finding himself almost deserted by his forces, he returned with a small party to Cambridge, and proclaimed Queen Mary in the market-place, but was arrested for high treason the same night in King's College. In 1643 Cromwell, who, before he acquired any celebrity as a public character, was for some time an inhabitant of the Isle of Ely, and twice returned for the borough of Cambridge, took possession of it for the parliament, and placed in it a garrison of a thousand men. In August, 1645, the king appeared with his army before Cambridge, but it continued in the possession of the parliamentarians until the close of the war. The town has suffered several times from accidental calamities: in 1174, the church of the Holy Trinity was destroyed by fire, and most of the other churches injured; in 1294, another conflagration destroyed St. Mary's church, and many of the adjoining houses; and in 1630, the plague raged so violently that the summer assizes were held that year at Royston; the university commencement was postponed till October, and there was no Stourbridge fair.

Situated in a fenny agricultural district, Cambridge owes its chief picturesque attractions to the number and variety, and in several instances to the magnitude and beauty of the buildings connected with the university, and the walks and gardens attached to them. The town, upwards of a mile in length, and in its greatest breadth more than half a mile, lies chiefly on the south-eastern side of the river: on the south it is entered by two principal streets, one forming a continuation of the road from London, the other of that from Bury-St. Edmund's; these unite at a short distance from the iron bridge over the Cam, which connects them with the principal northern entrance, being that from Godmanchester and Huntingdon. Notwithstanding recent alterations, the streets in general are narrow and irregularly formed; but on the whole, the town has been much improved by many elegant additions to the several colleges and university buildings; other improvements, on a very extensive scale, are in contemplation, and will shortly be commenced. The town was paved under an act passed in 1787, and has lately been drained at a great expense; the streets and many of the public buildings are lighted with gas. Water is obtained from a conduit in the market-place, erected in 1614 by the eccentric and benevolent Thomas Hobson, carrier, and supplied by a small aqueduct communicating with a spring about three miles distant. Dramatic exhibitions are not permitted within nine miles of the town at any other period than that of Stourbridge fair, when, for three weeks, the Norwich company of comedians perform in a commodious theatre lately erected at Barnwell: several public concerts are held in Termtime, usually at the town-hall, when the best performers are engaged; and at the Public Commencements, which generally take place every fourth year, there are grand musical festivals. A choral society on an extensive scale has recently been formed. There are several book societies upon different plans, the most considerable of which has been established many years, and pos sesses a very good library, with globes, maps, &c.

Cambridge has lately become a considerable thoroughfare, particularly since the draining of the fens, and the raising of excellent roads towards the east and north-east coasts, over tracts previously impassable. There is no manufacture; but a considerable trade in corn, coal, timber, iron, &c. is carried on with the port of Lynn, by means of the Cam, which is navigable to this town. A great quantity of oil, pressed at the numerous mills in the Isle of Ely, from flax, hemp, and cole seed, is brought up the river; and butter is also conveyed hither weekly from Norfolk and the Isle of Ely, and sent by wagons to London. The markets, which are under the sole control of the university, though the tolls belong to the corporation, are held every day in the week, Saturday's market being the largest, and are excellently supplied with provisions: the market-place consists of two spacious oblong squares. A practice peculiar to this market, is that of making up the butter in rolls of such a thickness that a pound of it shall be a yard in length, in order that the butter may be more easily divisible into certain portions, called sizes, for the use of the collegians. There are two fairs; one of them, for horses, cattle, timber, and pottery, beginning on the 22nd of June, and commonly called Midsummer or Pot fair, is held on a common called Midsummer-green, between Jesus College and Barnwell, and is proclaimed by the heads of the university, and the mayor and corporation successively: the other, called Stourbridge fair, anciently one of the largest and most celebrated in the kingdom, is held in a large field a short distance to the east of Barnwell, and is proclaimed on the 18th of September by the vice-chancellor, doctors, and proctors, of the university, and by the mayor and aldermen of the town, and continues upwards of three weeks; the staple commodities exposed for sale are leather, timber, cheese, hops, wool, and cattle; the 25th is appropriated to the sale of horses: both these fairs have been for some years declining.

The town, though a borough by prescription, was first incorporated by Henry I., in the early part of his reign; and many valuable and important privileges have been granted by John, Henry III., Edward II., Richard II., and succeeding sovereigns. The officers of the corporation are a mayor, high steward, recorder, twelve aldermen, twenty-four common council-men, four bailiffs, a town clerk, two treasurers, two coroners, with five serjeants at mace, and other inferior officers. The mayor, bailiffs, and coroners, are elected annually on the 16th of August: the mayor and his counsellors nominate one freeman, and the freemen at large another; these two then choose twelve others, and these twelve six more, by which eighteen the election is made. The aldermen and common council-men are elected in the same manner, but hold their places for life, as do also the high steward, recorder, and town clerk, elected by the freemen at large, who also choose the treasurers annually on Hock-Tuesday. The freedom is acquired by birth, servitude, and gift: the last is vested in the freemen at large, who are entitled to take part in the transaction of all other corporation business. The justices of the peace for the town are appointed from time to time under a commission from the king, in which the names of the chancellor, vice-chancellor, and high steward of the university, with the heads of colleges and halls, and the mayor, high steward, recorder, and aldermen, of the borough, are always inserted: they have exclusive jurisdiction, and hold a court of session quarterly. By charter of Henry III. the mayor and bailiffs hold a court of pleas, taking cognizance of actions, real and personal, arising within the town, but few actions are commenced in it: they likewise hold a court leet annually, for the appointment of constables, &c. The town-hall, rebuilt in 1782, is obscurely situated behind the shire-hall. The steward of the university holds a court leet twice a year, for enquiring into matters connected with weights and measures, and for licensing victuallers in the town and the adjoining village of Chesterton. The Bishop and the Archdeacon of Ely hold their courts and have their registries here; and both the spring and the summer assizes and the quarter sessions for the county, are held in the shire-hall, a handsome modern building standing in the market-place, and containing two courts: it rests upon arches faced with stone, beneath which are shops let to butchers and fruit-sellers. Under the powers of an act of parliament recently obtained, a new and commodious town gaol, on the radiating principle, has been erected in the parish of St. Andrew the Less, on the north-east of the road to Bury: it contains cells for forty-eight prisoners, with separate day rooms and a tread-mill. The borough has returned members to parliament since the 23d of Edward I.: the right of election is vested in the freemen not receiving alms, in number about one hundred and eighty, about half of whom are non-resident: the mayor is the returning officer. The privilege of sending two representatives was conferred upon the university by charter in the 1st of James I.: the right of election is vested in the members of the senate, in number about one thousand nine hundred: the vice-chancellor is the returning officer.

The origin of the university is enveloped in great obscurity: it is, however, probable that Cambridge first became a seat of learning in the seventh century, when, as Bede in his Ecclesiastical History informs us, Sigebert, King of the East-Angles, with the assistance of Bishop Felix, instituted within his dominions a school in imitation of some that he had seen in France, and this is thought to have been established here. It is certain that at a very early period this town was the resort of numerous students, who at first resided in private apartments, and afterwards in inns, where they lived in community under a principal, at their own charge. Several of these houses were at length deserted, and fell into decay; others were purchased in succession by patrons of literature, and obtaining incorporation with right of mortmain, received permanent rich endowments. It is believed that a regular system of academical education was first introduced in 1109, when the abbot of Crowland having sent some monks well versed in philosophy and other sciences, to his manor of Cottenham, they proceeded to the neighbouring town of Cambridge, whither a great number of scholars repaired to their lectures, which were arranged after the manner of the university of Orleans. The first charter, known to have been granted to the university, is that in the 15th of Henry III., conferring the privilege of appointing certain officers, called taxors, to regulate the rent of lodgings for students, which had been raised exorbitantly by the townsmen: this was about fifty years before the foundation of Peter-House, the first endowed college. In 1249, the discord between the scholars and the townsmen had arrived at such a pitch as to require the interference of the civil power; and in 1261 dissensions arose in the university between the northern and the southern men, which were attended with such serious consequences that a great number of scholars, in order to pursue their studies without interruption, withdrew to Northampton, where a university was established, and continued four years. In 1270, Prince Edward came to Cambridge, and caused an agreement to be drawn up, by virtue of which certain persons were appointed by the town and the university, to preserve the peace between the students and the inhabitants. In 1333, Edward III. granted some important privileges to the university, making its authority paramount to that of the borough, and ordaining that the mayor, bailiffs, and aldermen, should swear to maintain its rights and privileges. These eminent favours caused the townsmen to be more than ever jealous of its authority; and their discontents at length brokeout intoopen violence in the succeeding reign, when, taking advantage of the temporary success of the rebels of Kent and Essex, in 1381, the principal townsmen, at the head of a tumultuous assemblage, seized and destroyed the university charters, plundered Benedict College, and compelled the chancellor and other members of the university to renounce their chartered privileges, and to promise submission to the usurped authority of the burgesses. These lawless proceedings were put an end to by the arrival of the Bishop of Norwich with an armed force; and the king soon after punished the burgesses by depriving them of their charter, and bestowing all the privileges which they had enjoyed upon the university, together with a grant that no action should be brought against any scholar, or scholar's servant, by a townsman, in any other than the chancellor's court. In 1430, Pope Martin V. decided, from the testimony of ancient evidences, that the members of the university were exclusively possessed of all ecclesiastical and spiritual jurisdiction over their own scholars. Richard II. restored to the burgesses their charter, with such an abridgment of their privileges as rendered them more subordinate to the university than they had previously been. On the first symptoms of an approaching war between King Charles and the parliament, the university stood forward to demonstrate its loyalty, by tendering the college plate to be melted for his majesty's use. In 1643, the Earl of Manchester, at that time chancellor of the university, came to Cambridge, and, after a general visitation of the colleges, expelled all the members that were known to be zealously attached to the king and to the church discipline. In March, 1647, Sir Thomas Fairfax visited the university, and was received with all the honours of royalty at Trinity College: on the 11th of June, he kept a public fast at this place. Queen Elizabeth visited Cambridge, August 5th, 1564, and stayed five days, during which she resided at the provost's lodge, King's College, and was entertained with plays, orations, and academical exercises. On the 7th of March, 1615, James I., with his son Henry, Prince of Wales, was here, and was lodged at Trinity College, which has ever since, on the occasion of royal visits, been the residence of the sovereign. King James honoured the university with another visit, in 1625; and Charles I. and his queen were there in 1632, when they were entertained with dramatic exhibitions. It has also been visited by Charles II., October 14th, 1671, and September 27th, 1681; by William III., October 4th, 1689; by Queen Anne and the Prince of Denmark, April 16th, 1705; by George I., October 6th, 1717; and by George II., in April, 1728: on all these occasions the royal guests were entertained by the university in the hall of Trinity College; and it was customary for the corporation of the town to present them with fifty broad pieces of gold.

The University of Cambridge is a society of students in all the liberal arts and sciences, incorporated in the 13th of Elizabeth, by the name of the ';Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.' It is formed by the union of seventeen colleges, or societies devoted to the pursuit of learning and knowledge, and for the better service of the church and state. Each college is a body corporate, and bound by its own statutes; but is likewise controlled by the paramount laws of the university. The present university statutes were given by Queen Elizabeth, and, with former privileges, were sanctioned by parliament. Each of the seventeen departments, or colleges, in this literary republic, furnishes members both for the executive and the legislative branch of its government; the place of assembly is the senate-house. All persons who are masters of arts, or doctors in one of the three faculties, viz. divinity, civil law, and physic, having their names upon the college boards, holding any university office, or being resident in the town, have votes in this assembly. The number of those who are entitled to the appellation of members of the senate, is at present upwards of nineteen hundred. The senate is divided into two classes, or houses; and according to this arrangement they are denominated regents, or non-regents, with a view to some particular offices allotted by the statutes to the junior division. Masters of arts of less than five years' standing, and doctors of less than two, compose the regent or upper house, or, as it is otherwise called, the white hood house, from its members wearing hoods lined with white silk. All the rest constitute the non-regent or lower house, otherwise called the black hood house, its members wearing black silk hoods. But doctors of more than two years' standing, and the public orator of the university, may vote in either house, according to their pleasure. Besides the two houses, there is a council called the Caput, chosen annually upon the 12th of October, by which every university grace must be approved before it can be introduced to the senate. This council consists of the vice-chancellor, a doctor in each of the three faculties, and two masters of arts, the last representing the regent and non-regent houses. A few days before the beginning of each term the vicechancellor publishes a list of the days on which congregations will be held for transacting university business; these fixed days occur about once a fortnight, but in case of emergency the vice-chancellor calls a meeting of the senate, for the dispatch of extraordinary affairs. Any number of members of the senate not less than twenty-five, including the proper officers, or their legal deputies, constitute a congregation, and proceed to business. There are also statutable congregations, or days of assembling, enjoined by the statutes, for the ordinary routine of affairs: a congregation may also be held without three days' previous notice, provided forty members of the senate be present. No degree is ever conferred without a grace for that purpose; after the grace has passed, the vice-chancellor is at liberty to confer the degree. The university confers no degree whatever, unless the candidate has previously subscribed a declaration that he is bona fide a member of the church of England as by law established; for all other degrees; except those of B. A., M. B., and B. C. L., it is necessary that persons should subscribe to the 36th canon of the church of England, inserted in the registrar's book.

The executive branch of the university government is committed to the following officers: ' A Chancellor, who is the head of the whole university, and presides over all cases relative to that body: his office is biennial, or tenable for such a length of time beyond two years as the tacit consent of the university chooses to allow. A High Steward is elected by a grace of the senate, who has special power to try scholars impeached of felony within the limits of the university (the jurisdiction of which extends a mile each way from any part of the suburbs), and to hold a court leet according to the established charter and custom; he has power, by letters patent, to appoint a deputy. A Vice-chancellor is annually elected on the 4th of November by the senate: his office, in the absence of the chancellor, embraces the government of the university according to the statutes; he acts as a magistrate both for the university and the county, and must, by an order made in 1587, be the head of some college. A Commissary is appointed by letters patent under the signature and seal of the chancellor; he holds a court of record for all privileged persons, and scholars under the degree of M.A. A Public Orator is elected by the senate, and is the oracle of that body on all public occasions; he writes, reads, and records the letters to and from the senate, and presents to all honorary degrees with an appropriate speech: this is esteemed one of the most honourable offices in the gift of the university. The Assessor is an officer specially appointed by a grace of the senate, to assist the vice-chancellor in his court, in causis forensibus et domesticis. Two Proctors, who are peace officers, are elected annually on the 10th of October by the regents only, and are chosen from the different colleges in rotation, according to a fixed cycle: it is their especial duty to attend to the discipline and behaviour of all persons in statu pupillari, to search houses of ill fame, and take into custody women of loose and abandoned character, and even those suspected of being so: they are also to be present at all congregations of the senate, to stand in scrutiny with the chancellor, or vice-chancellor, to take the open suffrages of the house, both by word and writing, to read them, and to pronounce the assent or dissent accordingly; to read the graces in the regent house, to take secretly the assent OI dissent, and openly to pronounce the same: they must be masters of arts of two years' standing at least, and, of whatever standing in the university, are regents by virtue of their office: they determine the seniority of all masters of arts at the time of their taking that degree. Two Librarians are chosen by the senate, to whom the regulation and management of the university library are confided. A Registrar, elected also by the senate, is obliged, either by himself or deputy, properly authorized, to attend all congregations, to give requisite directions for the due form of such graces as are to be propounded, to receive them when passed in both houses, and to register them in the records; to register also the seniority of such as proceed yearly in any of the arts and faculties, according to the schedules delivered to him by the proctors. Two Taxors are elected annually on the 10th of October by the regents only, who must be masters of arts, and are regents by virtue of their office: they are appointed to regulate the markets, examine the assize of bread, the lawfulness of weights and measures, and to lay all the abuses and deficiencies thereof before the commissary. Two Scrutators are chosen at the same time by the non-regents only, who are non-regents, and whose duty it is to attend all congregations, to read the graces in the lower house, to gather the votes secretly, or to take them openly in scrutiny, and publicly to pronounce the assent and dissent of that house. Two Moderators are nominated by the proctors, and appointed by a grace of the senate: they act as the proctors' substitutes in the philosophical schools, superintending alternately the exercises and disputations in philosophy, and the examinations for the degree of bachelor of arts; they are also generally deputed to officiate in the absence of the proctors. Two Pro-proctors are appointed, in consequence of the increasing magnitude of the university, to assist the proctors in that part of their duty which relates to the discipline and behaviour of those who are in statu pupillari, and the preservation of the public morals. This office was instituted by a grace of the senate, April 29th, 1818, and bachelors in divinity, as well as masters of arts, are eligible: they are nominated by the vice-chancellor and proctors, and elected by a grace of the senate. The Classical Examiners are nominated by the several colleges, according to the cycle of proctors, and the election takes place at the first congregation after October the 4th. There are three Esquire Bedells, whose duty it is to attend the vice-chancellor, and walk before him with their silver maccs on all public occasions. The University Printer, the Library-keeper, and Under Library-keeper, and the School-keeper, are elected by the body at large. The Yeoman Bedell is appointed by letters patent under the signature and seal of the chancellor. The University Marshal is appointed by letters patent under the signature and seal of the vice-chancellor. The Syndics are members of the senate chosen to transact all special affairs relating to the university, such as the framing of laws, the regulating of fees, inspecting the library, buildings, printing, &c.

The professors have stipends allowed from various sources; some from the university chest, others from his Majesty's government, or from estates left for that purpose. Lady Margaret's Professorship of Divinity was founded in 1502, by Margaret, Countess of Richmond, mother of Henry VII.; the election to be every two years: the electors are the chancellor, or vice-chancellor, doctors, inceptors, and bachelors in divinity, who have been regents in arts: the same person may be re-elected, but the professor usually continues in office without the observance of that ceremony. The Regius Professorship of Divinity was founded by Henry VIII. in 1540; the candidates must be either a bachelor or a doctor in divinity: the electors are the vice-chancellor, the master, and the two senior fellows of Trinity, the provost of King's, and the masters of St. John's and Christ's Colleges. The Regius Professorship of Civil Law was founded by Henry VIII. in 1540: the professor is appointed by the king, and continues in office during his majesty's pleasure. The Regius Professorship of Physic, founded at the same time, may be held for life: the appointment is by the king. The Regius Professorship of Hebrew was founded also at the same time; the electors are the same as to the Regius Professorship of Divinity: a candidate must not be under the standing of M. A. or B. D., but doctors of all faculties are excluded. A Professorship of Arabic was founded by Sir Thomas Adams, Bart. in 1632; the electors are the vice-chancellor and the heads of colleges: among persons qualified, heads of houses, fellows, and masters of arts being gremials of the university, are to be preferred. The Lord Almoner's Reader and Professorship of Arabic is appointed to by the lord almoner, and the stipend is paid out of the almonry bounty. The Lucasian Professorship of Mathematics was founded in 1663, by Henry Lucas, Esq., M. P. for the university; the electors are, the vice-chancellor and the masters of colleges: a candidate must be M. A. at least, and well skilled in mathematical science. The Professorship of Casuistry was founded in 1683, by John Knightbridge, D. D., fellow of St. Peter's: the electors are the vice-chancellor, the Regius Professor of Divinity, the Lady Margaret's Professor, and the master of St. Peter's; in case of an equality of votes, the casting vote belongs to the last: a candidate must be a bachelor or doctor in divinity, and not less than forty years of age. The Professorship of Music was founded by the university in 1684: the election is by a grace of the senate. The Professorship of Chemistry was founded by the university in 1702: the election was originally by a grace of the senate; but by a grace dated October 24th, 1793, it was determined that all subsequent elections should be more burgensium. The Professorship of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy was founded in 1704, by Dr. Plume, Archdeacon of Rochester: the electors are, the vice-chancellor, the masters of Trinity, Christ's, and Caius Colleges, and the Lucasian professor; when any one of these masters is vice-chancellor, the master of St. John's is entitled to a vote: the candidates may be single or married, Englishmen or foreigners. The Professorship of Anatomy was founded by the university in 1707: the election is by a majority of the members of the senate. The Professorship of Modern History was founded by George I. in 1724: the professor is appointed by the king, and holds the office during his Majesty's pleasure: he must be either a master of arts, bachelor in civil law, or of a superior degree. The Professorship of Botany was founded by the university in 1724, and has since been made a patent office. The Professorship of Geology was founded by Dr. Woodward in 1727: on the decease of the four executors of the founder's will, the election became vested in the members of the senate, in addition to whom the following persons were allowed to give their votes by proxy; viz. the chancellor of the university, the archbishop of Canterbury, the bishop of Ely, the president of the royal society, the president of the college of physicians, and the members of parliament for the university: only unmarried men are cligible. The Professorship of Astronomy and Geometry was founded by Thomas Lowndes, Esq. in 1749: the appointment is vested in the lord high chancellor, the lord president of the privy council, the lord privy seal, the lord high treasurer, and the lord high steward of the king's household. The Norrisian Professorship of Divinity was founded by John Norris, Esq., of Whitton, in the county of Norfolk, in 1768: the electors must be a majority of ten heads of houses: the professor cannot continue in office longer than five years, but may be re-elected; he may be a member of either university, may be lay or clerical, but cannot be elected under his thirtieth, nor re-elected after his sixtieth year. The Professorship of Natural and Experimental Philosophy was founded in 1783, by the Rev. Richard Jackson, M.A.: the election is by those regent masters of arts who have been resident the greater part of the year previously to the day of election, excepting such as are under one year's standing, who may vote though they have not been resident for that period: a member of Trinity College is to be preferred, and next a Stafford-shire, Warwickshire, Derbyshire, or Cheshire man. The Downing Professorship of the Laws of England, and the Downing Professorship of Medicine, were founded in pursuance of the will of Sir George Downing, Bart., K.B., in 1800: the electors are the archbishops of Canterbury and York, and the masters of St. John's College, Clare Hall, and Downing College. The Professorship of Mineralogy was founded by the university in 1808, and afterwards endowed by his Majesty's government. The title of Professor of Political Economy was conferred by a grace of the senate, in May, 1828, on George Pryme, Esq., M.A., late fellow of Trinity College, and is to be a permanent professorship.

Lady Margaret's Preachership was founded in 1503: the electors are the vice-chancellor and the heads of houses: doctors, inceptors, and bachelors of divinity, are alone eligible; one of Christ's College is to be preferred. The Barnaby Lectureships, four in number, viz. in mathematies, philosophy, rhetoric, and logic, are so called from the annual election taking place on St. Barnabas' day, June 11th: the mathematical lecture was founded at a very early period, by the university; and the other three were endowed in 1524, by Sir Robert Rede, lord chief justice of the court of common pleas in the reign of Henry VIII. The Sadlerian Lectureships in Algebra, seventeen in number, were founded by Lady Sadler, and the lectures commenced in 1710: the lecturers, who are required to be bachelors of arts at least, are appointed by the heads of colleges, who are the trustees, and by the vice-chancellor for the time being, from all the colleges; the lectureships are tenable only for ten years, and no one can be elected unless previously examined and approved by the Mathematical Professor. The Rev. John Hulse, who was educated at St. John's College, and died in 1789, bequeathed his estates in Cheshire to this university, for the advancement and reward of religious learning. The purposes to which he appropriated the revenue of these estates are, first, the maintenance of two scholars at St. John's College; secondly, to recompense the exertions of the Hulsean prizemen; thirdly, to found and support the office of Christian Advocate; and, fourthly, that of the Hulsean Lecturer, or Christian Preacher. The Christian Advocate must be a learned and ingenious person, of the degree of master of arts, or of bachelor or doctor of divinity, of thirty years of age, and resident in the university; he has to compose yearly, while in office, some answer in English to objections brought against the Christian religion, or the religion of nature, by notorious infidels. The office of the Hulsean Lecturer, or Christian Preacher, is annual; but the same individual may, under certain circumstances, be re-elected for any number of successive years not exceeding six: the preacher is afterwards ineligible to the office of Christian Advocate: his duty is to preach and print twenty sermons in each year, the subject of them being to shew the evidences of revealed religion, or to explain some of the most obscure parts of the Holy Scriptures. William Worts, M.A., of Caius College, formerly one of the esquire bedells of the university, gave two pensions, of £100 per annum each, to two junior bachelors of arts, elected by the senate, who are required to visit foreign countries, to take different routes, and to write, during their travels, two Latin letters each, descriptive of customs, curiosities, &c.: the annuity is continued for three years, the period which they are required to be absent.

The prizes for the encouragement of literature, the competition for which is open to the university at large, amount annually to nearly £1200 in value, three-fourths of which are given for the classies and English composition, the remainder for mathematics. The amount of the annual prizes in the different colleges is upwards of £300, two thirds of which are given for the encouragement of classical literature. Two gold medals, value £15. 15. each, are given annually by the chancellor to two commencing bachelors of arts, who, having obtained senior optimes at least, shew the greatest proficiency in classical learning: these prizes were established in 1751, by his Grace, Thomas Holles, Duke of Newcastle, then chancellor of the university. His Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester, the present chancellor, gives annually a third gold medal, to be conferred upon a resident under-graduate, who shall compose in English the best ode or best poem in heroic verse. The members of parliament for the university give four annual prizes, of £15. 15. each, to two bachelors of arts and two under-graduates, who compose the best dissertations in Latin prose: these prizes were established by the Hon, Edward Finch and the Hon. Thomas Townshend. Sir Edward Browne, Knt., M.D., directed three gold medals, value £5. 5. each, to be given yearly to three under-graduates on the commencement day; the first to him who writes the best Greek ode in imitation of Sappho; the second for the best Latin ode in imitation of Horace; the third for the best Greek and Latin epigrams, the former after the manner of the Anthologia, the latter on the model of Martial. The Rev. Charles Burney, D.D., and the Rev. John Cleaver Bankes, M.A., only surviving trustees of a fund raised by the friends of the late Professor Porson, and appropriated to his use during his lifetime, did, by deed bearing date November 27th, 1816, transfer to the university the sum of £400 Navy five per cents. upon trust, that the interest should be annually employed in the purchase of one or more Greek books, to be given to such resident under-graduate as shall make the best translation of a proposed passage selected from the works of Shakspeare, Ben Jonson, Massinger, or Beaumont and Fletcher, into Greek verse. The Rev. Robert Smith, D.D., late master of Trinity College, left two annual prizes, of £25 each, to two commencing bachelors of arts, the best proficients in mathematics and natural philosophy. John Morris, Esq., founder of the divinity professorship, bequeathed a premium of £12 per annum, £7. 4. of which is to be expended on a gold medal, the remainder in books, to the author of the best prose essay on a sacred subject, to be proposed by the Norrisian professor. The Rev. John Hulse directed that out of the rents and profits of the estates which he bequeathed to the university for the advancement of religious learning, an annual premium of £40 should be given to any member under the degree of M.A., who should compose the best dissertation on any argument proving the truth and excellence of the Christian religion. The Rev. Thomas Seaton, M.A., late fellow of Clare Hall, bequeathed to the university the rental of his estate at Kislingbury, producing a clear income of £40 per annum, to be given yearly to a master of arts who shall write the best English poem on a sacred subject.

The university scholarships are as follows :'John, Lord Craven, founded two classical scholarships, tenable for fourteen years, of £25 per annum each, arising from estates vested in trustees: by a decree of the court of Chancery in 1819, the income of the scholars has been augmented to £50, and three additional scholarships founded, which are tenable for seven years only. William Battie, M.D., fellow of King's College, left an estate, producing £18 per annum, to endow a scholarship similar to the preceding. Sir William Browne, Knight, M.D., left a rent-charge of £21 per annum, for endowing a scholarship tenable for seven years. The Rev. J. Davies, D.D., formerly fellow of King's College, and afterwards provost of Eton College, bequeathed, in July 1804, to the vice-chancellor for the time being, and the provost of King's, in trust, the sum of £1000 three per cents., to found a scholarship similar to Lord Craven's, for the greatest proficient in classical learning. The Rev. William Bell, D.D., prebendary in the collegiate church of Westminster, and late fellow of Magdalene College, in 1810 transferred £15,200 three per cents. to the university in trust, to found eight new scholarships, for sons or orphans of clergymen of the church of England, whose circumstances prevent them bearing the whole expense of sending them to the university: two of these scholarships become vacant every year. By a grace of the senate, December 9th, 1813, it was directed that the sum of £1000, given by the subscribers to Mr. Pitt's statue, for the purpose of founding the Pitt scholarship, and afterwards augmented by a donation of £500 from the Pitt club in London, should be placed in the public funds until the syndics were able to vest it in land; the clear annual income to be paid to the Pitt scholar. The Rev. Robert Tyrwhitt, M.A., late fellow of Jesus College, who died in 1817, bequeathed £4000 Navy five per cents. for the promotion and encouragement of Hebrew learning, the mode of appropriating which he left to the discretion of the university: in 1818 the senate decreed the foundation of three hebrew scholarships, which number, in 1826, was increased to six; two scholars to be elected annually, and called scholars of the first and second classes; a scholar of the first class receiving an annual stipend of £30, and one of the second class a stipend of £20, for three years. The annual income of the university chest is about £16,000, including about £3000 of floating capital: this arises from stock in the funds, manors, lands, houses, fees for degrees, government annuity (for the surrender of the privilege of printing almanacks), profits of the printing-office, &c. The annual expenditure is about £12,000, disbursed to the various officers, the professors, the library and schools, the university press, and in taxes, donations to charities, &c. &c. The whole is managed by the vice-chancellor for the year, and the accounts are examined by three auditors appointed annually by the senate.

The rectory of Ovingdon, in the county of Norfolk, and the vicarage of Burwell, in the county of Cambridge, are in the patronage of the university at large, the presentation being by vote of the senate; in addition to which the chancellor and scholars are entitled, by act of parliament passed in the 3rd of James I., confirmed in the 1st of William and Mary, the 12th of Anne, and the 11th of George II., to the nomination, presentation, collation, and donation to every benefice, prebend, or ecclesiastical living, school, hospital, and donative, belonging to any popish recusant convict, in the following twenty-seven counties of England and Wales:' Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Cumberland, Derbyshire, Durham, Essex, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Laneashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, Northumberland, Nottinghamshire, Rutlandshire, Shropshire, Suffolk, Westmorland, Yorkshire, Anglesey, Caernarvonshire, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Glamorganshire, Merionethshire, and Radnorshire. The Whitehall Preacherships were established by George I. in 1721: twelve of the twenty-four are appointed from this university; the preachers must be fellows of colleges the whole time they hold the office, to which they are appointed by the Bishop of London, as dean of his Majesty's chapel.

There are two courts of law in the university:'the consistory court of the chancellor, and the consistory court of the commissary. In the former, the chancellor, or vice-chancellor, assisted by some of the heads of colleges and one doctor or more of the civil law, administers justice in all personal pleas and actions arising within the limits of the university, wherein a member of the university is a party, which, excepting only such as concern mayhem and felony, are to be here solely heard and decided: the proceedings are according to the course of the civil law: from the judgment of this court an appeal lies to the senate, who commit the examination of it to certain delegates, in number not less than three nor exceeding five, with power to ratify or reverse it. In the commissary's court, the commissary, by authority under the seal of the chancellor, sits both in the university and at Midsummer and Stourbridge fairs, to proceed in all causes, excepting those of mayhem and felony, wherein one of the parties is a member of the university, excepting that within the university all causes and suits to which one of the proctors or taxors, or a master of arts, or any one of superior degree, is a party, are reserved to the sole jurisdiction of the chancellor or vice-chancellor: the manner of proceeding is the same as in the chancellor's court, to which an appeal lies, and thence to the senate. The university counsel are appointed by a grace of the senate, and the solicitor by the vice-chancellor. The terms, three in number, are fixed: October or Michaelmas term begins on the 10th of October, and ends on the 16th of December; Lent or January term begins on the 13th of January, and ends on the Friday before Palm-Sunday; Easter or Midsummer term begins on the eleventh day after Easter-day, and ends on the Friday after Commencement day, which last is always the first Tuesday in July.

The several orders in the different colleges are as follows:'A Head of a college or house, who is generally a doctor in divinity; Fellows, who generally are doctors in divinity, civil law, or physic, bachelors in divinity, masters or bachelors of arts: the total number of the fellowships is four hundred and eight. Noblemen Graduates, Doctors in the several faculties, Bachelors in Divinity (who have been masters of arts), and Masters of Arts, who are not on the foundation, but whose names are kept on the boards for the purpose of being members of the senate. Graduates, who are neither members of the senate nor in statu pupillari, are bachelors in divinity denominated four-and-twenty men, or ten-year men; they are allowed by the 9th statute of Queen Elizabeth, which permits persons who are admitted at any college when twenty-four years of age and upwards, to take the degree of bachelor in divinity when their names have remained on the boards ten years. Bachelors in Civil Law and in Physic, who sometimes keep their names upon the boards until they become doctors. Bachelors of Arts who are in statu pupillari, and pay for tuition whether resident or not, and generally keep their names on the boards, either to shew their desire to become candidates for fellowships, or members of the senate. Fellow Commoners, who are generally the younger sons of the nobility, or young men of fortune, and have the privilege of dining at the fellows' table; they are here equivalent to gentlemen commoners at Oxford. Pensioners and Scholars, who pay for their respective commons, rooms, &c., but the latter are on the foundation, and, from the enjoyment of scholarships, read the graces in hall, the lessons in chapel, &c. The number of scholarships and exhibitions in the university is up wards of seven hundred. Sizars are generally men of inferior fortune; they usually have their commons free, and receive various emoluments.

The terms required by the statutes to be kept for the several degrees are as follows:'A bachelor of arts must reside the greater part of twelve several terms, the first and last excepted. A master of arts must be a bachelor of three years' standing. A bachelor in divinity must be M.A. of seven years' standing. A bachelor in divinity (ten-year man) is allowed, by the 9th statute of Queen Elizabeth, to take the degree of B.D. at the end of ten years, without having taken any other. A doctor in divinity must be a bachelor in divinity of five years', or a master of arts of twelve years', standing. A bachelor in civil law must be of six years' standing complete, and must reside the greater part of nine several terms: a bachelor of arts of four years' standing may be admitted to this degree. A doctor in civil law must be of five years' standing from the degree of B.C.L., or a master of arts of seven years' standing. A bachelor in physic must reside the greater part of nine several terms, and may be admitted any time in his sixth year. A doctor in physic is bound by the same regulations as a doctor in civil law. A licentiate in physic is required to be M.A. or M.B. of two years' standing. A bachelor in music must enter his name at some college, and compose and perform a solemn piece of music as an exercise before the university. A doctor in music is generally a bachelor in music, and his exercise is the same.

By an interpretation made May 31st, 1786, it was determined that the following persons are entitled to honorary degrees; viz.'1. Privy Counsellors; 2. Bishops; 3. Noblemen'Dukes, Marquises, Earls, Viscounts, Barons; 4. Sons of Noblement; 5. Persons related to the King by consanguinity or affinity, provided they be also Honourable; 6. The eldest sons of such persons; 7. Baronets, but only to the degree of M.A. 8. Knights, to the same degree. By a grace of the senate, passed March 18th, 1826, all the above persons, before admission to any degree, are to be examined and approved of in the same manner as the other candidates; but they have the privilege of being examined after keeping nine terms, the first and last excepted; they are then entitled to the degree of master of arts. Sometimes, however, the university confers degrees without either examination or residence, on such individuals of mature age as are illustrious, not by their birth only, but also for the services they have rendered to the state, or to literature. No person taking a degree in right of nobility is entitled to a vote in the senate, unless he have previously resided three terms.

The ordinary course of study preparatory to the degree of bachelor of arts may be considered under the three heads of Natural Philosophy, Theology and Moral Philosophy, and the Belles Lettres. On these subjects, besides the public lectures delivered by the several professors, the students attend the lectures of the tutors of their respective colleges; and the instruction under each of the three general heads above named may be thus stated:'the first comprehends Euclid's Elements, the principles of algebra, plane and spherical trigonometry, conic sections, mechanics, hydrostatics, optics, astronomy, fluxions, Newton's Principia, Increments, &c.; the second, Beausobre's Introduction, Doddridge's and Paley's Evidences, the Greek Testament, Butler's Analogy, Paley's Moral Philosophy, Locke's Essay, and Duncan's Logic; the third, the most celebrated Greek and Latin classics. Besides a constant attendance on lectures, the under-graduates are examined in their respective colleges, yearly or half-yearly, on those subjects which have engaged their studies; and according to the manner in which they acquit themselves in these examinations, their names are arranged in classes, and those who obtain the honour of a place in the first class receive prizes of books, differing in value according to their respective merits. By this course the students are prepared for those public examinations and exercises which the university requires of all candidates for degrees. The first of these takes place in the second Lent term after the commencement of academical residence, at the general public examination held annually in the senate-house in the last week of that term, and continues for four days; two classes, each arranged alphabetically, are formed out of those examined, the first consisting of those who have passed their examination with credit, and the second of those to whom the examiners have only not refused their certificate of approval. Those who are not approved by the examiners are required to attend the examination of the following year, and so on; and no degree of B. A., M. B., or B. C. L., is granted unless a certificate be presented to the Caput that the candidate for such degree has passed, to the satisfaction of the examiners, some one of these examinations. The student having passed this preparatory step, has next to perform the exercises required by the statutes for the degree which he has in view.

By a late regulation of the court of directors of the Honourable the East India Company, with the approbation of the Board of Commissioners for the affairs of India, an examination has been appointed for those candidates for writerships in the service of the Company, who have not resided in the college at Haileybury. An examiner is appointed by each university, and the examination takes place at the India House. The candidates are examined in the Greek Testament, and in some of the works of the following Greek authors, viz. Homer, Herodotus, Demosthenes, or in the Greek plays; and in some of the works of the following Latin authors, viz. Livy, Cicero, Tacitus, and Juvenal; which part of the examination includes collateral reading in ancient history, geography, and philosophy: they are also examined in mathematics, including the four first and sixth books of Euclid, algebra, logarithms, plane trigonometry, and mechanics; in modern history, chiefly taken from Russel's ';Modern Europe;' and in Paley's Evidences of Christianity. The number of members of the university, in 1828, was five thousand one hundred and four, of whom, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-four were members of the senate; the number of the resident members, at the close of the year 1829, was one thousand seven hundred and seventy-one, of whom six hundred and seventy-three were in licensed lodgings.

The principal public buildings belonging to the university are, the senate-house, and the public schools and library: the former of these forms the north, and the latter the west side of a grand quadrangle, which has Great St. Mary's church on the east, and King's College chapel on the south. The senate-house is an elegant building of Portland stone, erected from a design by Sir James Burrough, at the expense of the university, aided by an extensive subscription: the foundation was laid in 1722, but it was not entirely completed until 1766: the exterior is of the Corinthian order, and the interior of the Doric, with wainscot and galleries of Norway oak, the latter capable of accommodating one thousand persons; the room is one hundred and one feet long, forty-two broad, and thirty-two high, with a double range of windows: near the centre of one side is a marble statue of George I. by Rysbrach, executed at the expense of Lord Viscount Townshend; and opposite to it is that of George II. by Wilton, executed in 1766, at the expense of Thomas Holles, Duke of Newcastle, then chancellor of the university: at the east end, on one side of the entrance, is a statue of the Duke of Somerset, by Rysbrach; and on the other that of the Right Hon. William Pitt, by Nollekins, erected by a subscription among the members of the university amounting to upwards of £7000. The public schools, in which disputations are held and exercises performed, were commenced on their present site in 1443, at the expense of the university, aided by liberal benefactions: they form three sides of a small court; the philosophy school being on the west, the divinity school on the north, and the schools for civil law and physic on the south; on the east is a lecture room for the professors, fitted up in 1795: connected with the north end of the philosophy school is an apartment containing the valuable mineralogical collection presented to the university by Dr. Woodward, in 1727. The public library occupies the whole quadrangle of apartments over the schools, and consists of four large and commodious rooms, containing upwards of one hundred thousand volumes; at the commencement, it occupied only the apartment on the east side, but was afterwards extended to the north side also: its most important acquisition was in the early part of the last century, when George I. having purchased of the executors of Dr. Moore, Bishop of Ely, that prelate's collection of books, amounting to upwards of thirty thousand volumes, for £6000, gave them to this university, at the same time contributing the sum of £2000 towards fitting up rooms for their reception: among the objects of the greatest curiosity in this extensive library are a valuable and very ancient manuscript on vellum of the Gospels, and Acts of the Apostles, in Greek and Latin, presented to the university by Theodore Beza; and a large collection of the earliest printed books, by Caxton, and from the foreign presses. The library has also received valuable donations of oriental books and manuscripts, chiefly from Dr. George Lewis, late archdeacon of Meath, the late Rev. Dr. Buchanan, and the Rev. C. Burckhardt. The upper part of a mutilated colossal statue, from the temple of Ceres at Eleusis, the gift of Messrs. Clarke and Cripps, of Jesus' College, by whom it was brought to England, is placed in the vestibule. The rents of the university's estate at Ovingdon, in the county of Norfolk, are appropriated to the purchase of books for the library, that estate having been bought with money given to the university in 1666, by Tobias Rustat, Esq., to be so applied. William Worts, M. A., fellow of Caius College, bequeathed the annual surplus of the produce of his estate at Landbeach, in this county, to be applied to the use of the public library. A quarterly contribution of one shilling and sixpence from each member of the university, excepting sizars, is also made towards its support. This is one of the eleven libraries entitled by act of parliament to a copy of every new publication. The management is entrusted to syndics, who are the vice-chancellor, the heads of houses, all doctors in each faculty, the public orator, and all public professors, the proctors and scrutators. All members of the senate, bachelors in law and physic, and bachelors of arts under certain restrictions, are entitled to the use of the library.

The superintendence of the university press is committed by the senate to syndics, who meet to transact business in the parlour of the printing-office, and cannot act unless five are present, the vice-chancellor being one. Richard, Viscount Fitz-William, formerly of Trinity Hall, who died in 1816, bequeathed to the university his splendid collection of books, paintings, drawings, engravings, &c., together with £100,000 South Sea annuities, for the erection of a museum to contain them: the old free school, in Free School-lane, has been fitted up to serve the purpose temporarily. The collection has since been augmented by many valuable donations of paintings, prints, books, &c.

The Botanical Garden occupies between three and four acres on the south-east side of the town, conveniently disposed and well watered: this piece of ground, with a large old building that formerly belonged to the Augustine friars, was purchased for £1600 by the late Dr. Richard Walker, vice-master of Trinity College. The old building having been sold, a new one has been erected for the use of the lecturers in chemistry and botany. The garden is under the government of the vice-chancellor, the provost of King's, the masters of Trinity and St. John's Colleges, and the Professor of Physic. The Anatomical School, situated near Catharine Hall, contains a large collection of rare and valuable preparations, including the museum of the late professor, Sir B. Harwood, and a set of models beautifully wrought in wax, recently imported from Naples: it is a small building conveniently fitted up, with a theatre for the lectures on anatomy and medicine, which are delivered annually in Lent term.

Measures for the establishment of the Observatory were first taken in 1820, when a sum of £6000 was subscribed by the members of the university, to which £5000 was added out of the public chest by a grace of the senate. The building was commenced in 1822, and is now completed: it stands on an eminence, about a mile from the college walks, on the road to Madingley, and is in the Grecian style; the centre, surmounted by a dome, is appropriated to astronomical purposes, and the wings for the residence of the observers. The superintendence is vested in the Plumian professor, under whose direction are placed two assistant observers, who must be graduates of the university, and are elected for three years, being capable of re-election at the expiration of that term. The observations are printed and published annually, and copies are presented to the principal European observatories, viz. those of Greenwich, Oxford, Dublin, Paris, and Palermo. The Philosophical Society was instituted November 15th, 1819, for the purpose of promoting scientific enquiries, and of facilitating the communication of facts connected with the advancement of philosophy and natural history: it consists of fellows and honorary members, the former being elected from such persons only as are graduates of the university, and no graduate or member of the university can be admitted an honorary member: attached to the society is a reading-room supplied with the principal literary and scientific journals, and the daily newspapers.

St. Peter's College, commonly called Peter-house, was founded in 1257, by Hugh de Balsham, Bishop of Ely. There are fourteen fellowships on the foundation, to which no person can be elected who is M. A., or of sufficient standing to take that degree; and there cannot be more than two fellows from any one county, except those of Cambridge and Middlesex, each of which may have four: one fourth of the foundation fellows are required to be in priest's orders. By Queen Elizabeth's licence the five senior clerical fellows may hold, with their fellowships, any livings not rated higher than £20 in the king's books, and within twenty miles of the university. There are ten bye-fellows distinct from the former, and not entitled to any office or vote in the affairs of the college, but eligible to foundation fellowships. There are fifty-two scholarships, of different value, which are paid according to residence. The Bishop of Ely is visitor, and appoints to the mastership one of two candidates nominated by the society. The livings in the patronage of the master and fellows are the perpetual curacy of Little St. Mary, in the town of Cambridge; the vicarage of Cherry-Hinton, in the county of Cambridge; the vicarage of Ellington, in the county of Huntingdon; the rectory of Stathern, in the county of Leicester; the rectory of Exford, in the county of Somerset; the rectory and vicarage of Freckenham, and the rectories of Newton, Norton, and Witnesham, in the county of Suffolk: annexed to the mastership is the rectory of Glayston, in the county of Rutland; and the master and Lord Suffield are alternate patrons of the rectory of Knapton, in the county of Norfolk. The college, which stands on the west side of Trumpington-street, consists of three courts, two of which are separated by a cloister and gallery; the largest of these is one hundred and forty-four feet long, eighty-four broad, and cased with stone; the lesser, next the street, is divided by the chapel, and has on the north side a lofty modern building faced with stone, the upper part of which commands an extensive prospect of the country toward the south: the third was completed in 1826, by means of a donation from a late fellow, the Rev. Fras. Gisborne, from whom it is called the Gisborne court. The chapel, a handsome structure erected by subscription in 1632, is chiefly remarkable for its fine east window of painted glass, representing the Crucifixion. Among the eminent persons who have been members of this society, or educated at the college, may be enumerated Cardinal Beaufort; Archbishop Whitgift; Andrew Perne, Dean of Ely; Bishops Wren, Cosin, Walton (editor of the Polyglott Bible), and Law; Moryson, the traveller; Crashawe, the poet; Dr. Sherlock, Dean of St. Paul's; Sir Samuel Garth; the learned Jeremiah Markland; the poet Gray; and Lord Chief Justice Ellenborough.

Clare Hall was founded in 1326, by Dr. Richard Badew, afterwards chancellor of the university, by the name of University-hall; but having been burned to the ground about the year 1342, it was rebuilt and munificently endowed through the interest of Dr. Badew, by Elizabeth de Burgh, one of the sisters and co-heiresses of Gilbert, Earl of Clare, and from her received its present name. The society consists of a master, ten senior, or foundation fellows, nine junior, and three bye-appropriation fellows: the senior and junior fellowships are open to all counties. The master is elected by the senior and junior fellows, and must be either a bachelor or a doctor in divinity. The seniors must all be divines, except two, who, with the consent of the master and a majority of the fellows, may practise law and physic. Of the nine junior fellowships, two may be held by laymen: the other seven require priest's orders after a certain standing. The three bye-appropriation fellows hold no college office, nor have they any vote in college business, and are ever after ineligible to any other fellowship: they must take priest's orders within seven years after they are bachelors of arts. There are thirty-four scholarships, eight of which have been lately increased, four of the value of £50 per annum each, and the other four £20 each, besides a weekly allowance in the buttery of three shillings and three pence during residence. Four exhibitions, of £20 per annum each, were founded by Archdeacon Johnson, with preference to persons educated at Oakham and Uppingham schools. The visitors are, the chancellor, and two persons appointed by a grace of the senate. The livings in the patronage of the master and fellows are, the vicarages of Duxford (St. John) and Litlington, in the county of Cambridge; the rectory of Datchworth, in the county of Hertford; the rectory of Brington, and the rectory of Bythome with the curacy of Old Weston annexed, and the vicarages of Everton and Great Gransden, in the county of Huntingdon; the vicarage of Wrawby with the curacy of Brigg, in the county of Lincoln; the rectory of Hardingham, in the county of Norfolk; the rectories of Elmsett, Fornham (All Saints

From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale