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Burgh By Sands in Cumberland County England History and GeographyBURGH by SANDS, a parish in the ward and county of CUMBERLAND, comprising the townships of Boustead Hill, Burgh by Sands, or Burgh-Head, Longburgh, Moorhouse, and Westend, and containing 987 inhabitants, of which number, 304 are in the township of Burgh by Sands, 5½ miles (W.N.W.) from Carlisle. The living is a discharged vicarage, in the archdeaconry and diocese of Carlisle, rated in the king's books at £5. 1. 10½., endowed with £200 private benefaction, £400 royal bounty, and £800 parliamentary grant, and in the patronage of the Crown. The church is dedicated to St. Michael. Close to the village, on the northern side, and on a site now called the Old Castle, stood the Roman station Axelodunum, the sixteenth on the line of Severus' Wall, and the spot where Adrian's Vallum terminated: the lines of the ramparts, which are still visible, include an area about one hundred and thirty-six yards square, in which and in the vicinity, urns, altars, and inscribed stones have been dug up. A castle, built soon after the Conquest, but of which there are not now any remains, is stated to have been seized in 1174, by William, King of Scotland. Several encounters between the English and Scotch occurred in this parish; the most sanguinary were those in 1216 and 1520. Burgh is the head of a barony including this and several other parishes, and is now the property of the Earl of Lonsdale, on whom it confers the title of baron, and who holds annually a customary court. The village, which extends into the township of Westend, is nearly three quarters of a mile in length; there were various branches of manufacture formerly carried on, but these have been chiefly removed to Carlisle. Edward I. died here on the 7th of July, 1307, whilst on an expedition against Scotland, an event commemorated by the erection of an obelisk, in 1685, by Henry, Duke of Norfolk, which fell down on the 4th of March, 1795, and was rebuilt by the Earl of Lonsdale in 1803. It stands about a mile north of the village, on the marsh, a tract of ground belonging to several proprietors, each of whom pays to the baron a yearly fee-rent of 2d. for every stint, and which has been greatly encroached upon by the sea, so as to have rendered embankments necessary for its protection. A school-room has been erected by the parishioners, and the master receives £5 per annum, from property bequeathed by Thomas Pattinson in 1785, and Richard Hodgson previously. Such of the inhabitants as are not possessed of a real estate worth £12 per annum, are entitled to send children for instruction to the school at Wiggonby, in the parish of Aikton, founded by Mrs. Hodgson; but, owing to the distance, few avail themselves of the privilege. From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale |
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