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Brougham in Westmorland County England History and GeographyBROUGHAM, a parish in WEST ward, county of WESTMORLAND, 1¾ mile (S.E.) from Penrith, containing 143 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, in the archdeaconry and diocese of Carlisle, rated in the king's books at £16. 10. 7½., and in the patronage of the Earl of Thanet. The church, dedicated to St. Ninian, and hence vulgarly called the Ninekirks, stands pleasantly within a curve on the southern bank of the river Eamont. There is also a chapel of ease, supposed to be dedicated to St. Wilfrid, in the western part of the parish, which, together with the church, was rebuilt in 1659, by Anne, the celebrated Countess of Pembroke. This was the Roman station Brovoniacum, which appears to have comprised an area one hundred and forty paces in length, and one hundred and twenty in breadth: the vallum and some vestiges of the outworks are visible; and coins, votive altars, and other relics, have been found on the southern side of the station, where, as it is related, a city anciently stood, named by the Saxons Burg-ham, the Castle Town. A castle was built soon after the Conquest, principally, as appears from an inscription over the inner gateway, by the first Roger, Lord Clifford, which was demolished by the Scots, in 1412; and having been rebuilt, was honoured by the presence of James I., who was entertained by its noble owner, Francis, Earl of Cumberland, on the 6th, 7th, and 8th of August, 1617, when returning from his last progress into Scotland. Soon after this it became ruinous, and sustained much damage during the parliamentary war, but was restored by the Countess of Pembroke, in 1651. The ruins, which are extensive, are pleasingly situated on a woody eminence, at the confluence of two streams: League Tower, the only perfect part, is so called from a league having been concluded in it by commissioners from England and Scotland. Near them is a handsome pillar, embellished with heraldic bearings, and surmounted by a small obelisk, erected in 1656, by the above-named countess, as a memorial of her last parting with her mother, the Countess Dowager of Cumberland, on this spot, April 2nd, 1616, annually on which day, and at this stone, there is an inscription setting forth that the sum of £4 be distributed among the poor of the parish for ever. This parish is bounded on every side except the south by the rivers Eden, Eamont, and Lowther, which unite here: there are two stone bridges across the Eamont, (one of them built in 1814, to afford a shorter line of communication between Penrith and Appleby), and one over the Lowther. The village of Brougham has long since disappeared. Brougham Hall, the property and residence of Henry Brougham, Esq., M. P., occupies an elevated situation, commanding prospects most agreeably diversified. From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale |
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