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Brentwood in Essex County England History and GeographyBRENTWOOD, a chapelry (formerly a market town,) in the parish of SOUTH WEALD, hundred of CHAFFORD, county of ESSEX, 11 miles (S.W.) from Chelmsford, and 18 (E.N.E.) from London, on the road to Norwich, containing 1423 inhabitants. The name, which is of Saxon origin, signifies a burnt wood; the woods which previously occupied the site having been burnt down. The town is pleasantly situated on a commanding eminence, and consists principally of one street, the houses in which are, in general, ancient and irregularly built: the inhabitants are supplied with excellent water from wells. Races take place occasionally on a common near the town. There are cavalry barracks at Warley, about a mile and a half distant. The market has been discontinued: the fairs are, July 18th and October 15th, for cattle. Courts leet and baron are held occasionally by the lord of the manor of South Weald. The assizes were formerly held here: part of the old town-hall, which is still remaining, has been converted into a butcher's shop, and part into a blacksmith's shop. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the archdeaconry and diocese of Essex, endowed with £600 private benefaction, £800 royal bounty, and £400 parliamentary grant, and in the patronage of Christopher Thomas Tower, Esq. The chapel, dedicated to St. Thomas ? Becket, is a small ancient edifice, partly in the early, and partly in the later style of English architecture: within is a rude image of its tutelar saint, carved in wood. There is a meeting-house for Independents. The free grammar school was founded and endowed in 1537, by Sir Anthony Browne, Knt., and is open to all boys residing within three miles of Brentwood: the income arising from the endowment is £1452. 7. per annum, which, according to the intention of the founder, is paid to the master, subject to an allowance of £10 per annum each to five alms-persons, and to the expense of keeping the school premises and almshouses in repair: the school is under the direction of a patron, the master and two guardians. An exhibition of £6 per annum, to Caius College, Cambridge, was founded by Dr. Plume, with preference to Chelmsford, Brentwood, and Maldon. From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale |
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