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Bourne in Lincoln County England History and GeographyBOURNE, a parish in the wapentake of AVELAND, parts of KESTEVEN, county of LINCOLN, comprising the market-town of Bourne, and the hamlets of Cowthorpe and Dyke, and containing 2242 inhabitants, of which number, 2029 are in the town of Bourne, 36 miles (S.) from Lincoln, and 97 (N.) from London. This place takes its name from a stream of remarkably pure water, issuing from a spring near which it is situated. Though little of its early history is known, it is supposed, from the discovery of Roman coins and tesscllated pavements, to have been anciently a place of some importance. When the Danes invaded England in the ninth century, Marcot, the Saxon lord of Bourne, with a few of his own vassals and a detachment from Croyland abbey, after an obstinate engagement, defeated a party of them, who had made an inroad into this part of Lincolnshire. Prior to the time of Edward the Confessor, a castle was erected here, of which only the trenches and mounds are discernible, appearing to have included an area of more than eight acres. In 1138, Baldwin, a descendant of Walter Fitz-Gilbert, to whom the town was given by William Rufus, founded a priory for canons of the order of St. Augustine, the site alone of which, now called the Trenches, is visible: the revenue, at the dissolution, was £197. 17. 5. In the seventeenth century, Bourne was twice nearly destroyed by fire. The town, consisting principally of one very long street, the houses in which, are, in general, modern and well built, is pleasantly situated, and plentifully supplied with excellent water. The trade is chiefly in leather and wool; for the former there are several extensive tan-yards. A navigable canal has been constructed from this town to Spalding and Boston, by which means it is supplied with coal, timber, and other commodities. The market is on Saturday: the fairs are, April 7th, May 7th, and October 29th. The county magistrates hold a meeting every Saturday: courts of session for the parts of Kesteven are held quarterly. The town-hall, recently erected at an expense of £2500, on the site of a former one, built by William Cecil, Lord Treasurer in the reign of Elizabeth, is a spacious handsome edifice, under which is the marketplace. The living is a discharged vicarage, in the archdeaconry and diocese of Lincoln, rated in the king's books at £8. The Earl of Pomfret was patron in 1807. The church, dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, though spacious, appears to be only part of a larger structure: it is principally in the Norman style, but contains several portions in the early and later styles of English architecture, and has two towers of mixed character, of which the southern is considerably higher than the other, and is crowned with pinnacles. Within are some interesting monuments, a finely enriched font of the later style, and a stoup under a crocketed canopy: the western entrance is a fine specimen in the later style, and over it is a large window of good composition. There are places of worship for Baptists and Wesleyan Methodists. A school for thirty children was founded in 1653, and endowed by Thomas Trollope, Esq., who also endowed an hospital for six aged men, and an almshouse for the same number of women. There is a mineral spring in the town, which was formerly in great repute. William Cecil, created Baron Burleigh by Queen Elizabeth, was born here in 1521. From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale |
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