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Bolsover in Derby County England History and GeographyBOLSOVER, a parish, (formerly a market town), in the hundred of SCARSDALE, county of DERBY, 28½ miles (N. N. E.) from Derby, and 145½ (N. by W.) from London, containing, with part of the township of Glapwell, 1355 inhabitants. This place, prior to the Conquest called Belesoure, was, soon after the Norman survey, noted for a castle erected by William Peveril, which having been forfeited by his son, in 1153, became the occasional residence of King John; but in a few years, together with the castle of the Peak, was garrisoned by the barons against that monarch. In 1215, William, Earl Ferrers, retook both these castles from the barons, and was made governor of them, as a reward for his fidelity. That part of Bolsover castle which is now habitable was built by Sir Charles Cavendish, in 1613, in which his eldest son William, afterwards Duke of Newcastle, thrice entertained Charles I. and his court, and upon one occasion, when the queen was present, expended £15,000. In the reign of Charles II. the duke erected the splendid ''ile of building near it, which is now in a state of ruin. During the civil war, while the duke was abroad, the parliament having seized and sold this mansion, it was about to be pulled down, but Sir Charles, the duke's younger brother, recovered it by purchase, and restored it to the family: it occupies a lofty eminence commanding an extensive prospect. The town is large and well built, and is pleasantly situated on rising ground, environed on every side, except where the ground forms a natural rampart, with a deep intrenchment. It is within the jurisdiction of the court for the honour of Peverel, which is held at Basford, near Nottingham: a court leet belonging to the lord of the manor is held every third week, for the recovery of debts under 40s. There is a fair on Midsummer day. The living is a discharged vicarage, in the archdeaconry of Derby, and diocese of Lichfield and Coventry, rated in the king's books at £5. 19. 4., endowed with £200, and £10 per annum, private benefaction, £400 royal bounty, and £200 parliamentary grant, and in the patronage of the Duke of Portland. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a spacious stru''ture, having portions of the Norman style intermixed with later English architecture, and many modern insertions: within is a sepulchral chapel belonging to the Cavendish family, in which are some splendid monuments. There are places of worship for Independents, and Wesleyan Methodists. A small endowed school was erected in 1756; and in 1761, Mrs. Smithson bequeathed £200 for portioning young women with £25 each, directing the overplus to be given to the poor. From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale |
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