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Bees (St.) in Cumberland County England History and GeographyBEES (ST.), a parish in ALLERDALE ward above Darwent, county of CUMBERLAND, comprising the chapelries of Ennerdale, Eskdale with Wasdale (including Wasdale Head), and Netherwasdale, the townships of St. Bees, Hensingham, Kinneyside, Lowside-Quarter, Preston-Quarter, Rottington, Sandwith, and Wheddicar, and the port and town of Whitehaven, and containing 19,969 inhabitants, of which number, 655 are in the township of St. Bees, 2¾ miles (W. by N.) from Egremont. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the archdeaconry of Richmond, and diocese of Chester, endowed with £600 private benefaction, £1000 royal bounty, and £600 parliamentary grant, and in the patronage of the Earl of Lonsdale. The chapel, dedicated to St. Bega, was formerly the conventual church of a monastery founded about 650, by Bega, or Begogh, an Irish female, who subsequently received the honour of canonization: this monastery was destroyed by the Danes, and restored in the reign of Henry I., by William de Meschines, Lord of Copeland, as a cell to the abbey of St. Mary, at York: its revenue, at the dissolution, was estimated, according to Dugdale, at £143. 17. 2. The chapel is cruciform, having a strong tower of early Norman architecture, but the rest of the edifice is in the decorated English style: the nave is used for the celebration of divine service; and the chancel, which had long lain ruinous, was repaired in 1819, and fitted up as a school for divinity, in connexion with a clerical institution founded by Dr. Law, a late bishop of Chester, for the benefit of young men intended for the ministry, who do not mean to complete their studies at Oxford or Cambridge, and who receive ordination after having studied for a certain period at this place. In addition to this, there is a celebrated free grammar school, founded by letters patent, dated April 24th, 1583, obtained by Edmund Grindall, Archbishop of Canterbury, whereby its management is entrusted to a corporation of seven governors, of whom the Provost of Queen's College, Oxford, and the Rector of Egremont, are always two, the former enjoying the privilege of nominating the master, who chooses an usher. The annual income is £125: of this sum, £50 are paid to the master and £10 to the usher, but their salaries receive considerable augmentation from entrance-fees and donations at Shrovetide, and the former takes boarders: gratuitous instruction is limited to the classics. The school enjoys the advantage of a fellowship and two scholarships at Queen's College, Oxford, with the privilege of sending a candidate to be examined for one of five exhibitions, founded at the same college, by Lady Elizabeth Hastings; a fellowship and three scholarships at Pembroke College, Cambridge; a scholarship of £4 a year at Magdalene College, Cambridge, and, in failure of scholars from the school at Carlisle, eligibility to two exhibitions, founded by Bishop Thomas at Queen's College, Oxford. A good library is connected with the school. The parish contains coal, limestone and freestone: lead-ore is obtained at Kinneyside, where there are smeltingfurnaces; and iron-ore was formerly got in Eskdale. A light-house was erected in 1717, on a promontory called St. Bees' Head. From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale |
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