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Bakewell in Derby County England History and GeographyBAKEWELL, a parish in the hundred of HIGHPEAK, county of DERBY, comprising the market town of Bakewell, the chapelries of Ashford, Baslow, Beeley, Buxton, Chelmerton, Great Longstone with Holme, Mony-ash, Sheldon, and Taddington with Priestcliffe, the townships of Blackwell, Brushfield, Bubnell, Flagg, Froggat, Harthill, Over-Haddon, Rowland, Great Rowsley, and part of Wardlow, and the hamlets of Calver, Curbar, Hassop, and Little Longstone, and containing 9162 inhabitants, of which number, 1782 are in the town of Bakewell, 26 miles (N.W.) from Derby, and 152 (N.W. by N.) from London. The Saxon name of this place, Baderanwylla, or Badde cum Well, of which its present appellation is a contraction, is derived from a chalybeate spring, which was in great repute prior to the year 924, when Edward the Elder is said to have built a castle or fort in the vicinity. The town is situated in a beautiful and picturesque vale near the confluence of the rivers Wye and Derwent, and at an equal distance from Buxton and Matlock; the air is salubrious, and the inhabitants are amply supplied with water from numerous springs in the neighbourhood. The chalybeate baths, recently established by Mr. White Watson, F.S.S., constitute one of the greatest attractions; the principal bath is 33 feet long, 16 wide, and of proportionate depth, and is constantly supplied with fresh water, which, on its influx, emits a considerable quantity of carbonic acid gas, and possesses a temperature of 60? of Fahrenheit; there are also shower baths, and a private warm bath with suitable accommodations. A news-room, and rooms in which there is a good collection of minerals and fossils, are attached to the establishment. Near the entrance into the town from Ashford stands a cotton mill, erected by the late Sir Richard Arkwright, in which about three hundred persons are employed, and in the immediate vicinity are extensive quarries of black and grey marble. The market is onFriday, and on every alternate Friday there is a cattle market: fairs are held on Easter Monday, Whit-Monday, Aug. 29th, the Monday next after October 10th, and the Thursday after November 11th, for horses and horned cattle. The town is within the jurisdiction of the county magistrates, and a constable and other officers are appointed at the court leet of the lord of the manor. One of the quarter sessions for the county was formerly, and the petty sessions for the hundred of High Peak are still, held here. The living is a discharged vicarage, in the peculiar jurisdiction and patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Lichfield, rated in the king's books at £40. The church, dedicated to All Saints, is a spacious cruciform structure, partly in the Norman, and partly in the early style of English architecture: the tower, rising from the intersection, is surmounted by a lofty spire; at the western entrance there is a highly ornamented Norman arch. Within are several magnificent altar tombs of alabaster supporting recumbent figures, and a stone font of great antiquity; and in the church yard there is an ancient cross dcorated with rude sculpture, but greatly mutilated. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyan Methodists. A free school was founded here in 1636, and endowed with £15 per annum by Lady Grace Manners, for the instruction of poor children in reading, writing, and arithmetic. St. John's hospital, for six aged men, was founded and endowed in 1602, by Sir John Manners Sutton and his brother. At the distance of two miles south of the town stands Haddon Hall, the property of the Duke of Rutland, one of the largest and most perfect of the ancient baronial mansions in the kingdom; and about three miles toward the north-east is Chatsworth House, the princely seat of the Duke of Devonshire, in which Mary, Queen of Scots, was confined in the year 1570. Dr. Thomas Denman, an eminent physician and accoucheur, was born here in 1733. From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale |
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