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Auckland Bishop in Durham County England History and GeographyAUCKLAND BISHOP, a market town in that part of the chapelry of St. Andrew Auckland, which is in the north western division of DARLINGTON ward, county palatine of DURHAM, 10½ miles (S.W.) from Durham, and 252 (N. by W.) from London, containing 2180 inhabitants. This place derives its name from the great number of oak trees which formerly grew in the neighbourhood, and its adjunct from an episcopal palace, in which the bishops of the diocese, who are lords of the manor, occasionally reside. The town is pleasantly situated on a considerable eminence, near the confluence of the rivers Gaunless and Wear, in a fertile district, remarkable for the salubrity of the air; the streets are badly paved, but the houses are well built, and the inhabitants are plentifully supplied with water. The palace, originally erected in the reign of Edward I. by Bishop Anthony Beck, and subsequently enlarged, was destroyed during the parliamentary war. After the restoration it was rebuilt by Bishop Cosins, in a beautiful park northwest of the town: it is a spacious structure, surrounded with plantations and pleasure grounds, watered by the Gaunless. The principal manufactures are those of muslins, cottons and calicos; the market is on Thursday, and the fairs, of recent origin, are in March and October, but on no fixed day; the ancient fairs on the days of Ascension and Corpus Christi are now obsolete. The town is within the jurisdiction of the county magistrates, who hold petty sessions monthly, and courts leet and baron are held annually, at the former of which, a bailiff and other officers are appointed. The chapel, dedicated to St. Anne, is a stately edifice, built, about the year 1660, by Dr. John Cosins, bishop of Durham, whose remains are therein deposited. The living is a perpetual curacy in the patronage of the Bishop of Durham. There are places of worship for the Society of Friends, Independents, and Wesleyan Methodists. The free grammar school was founded by James I., the original endowment, consisting of an estate in Weardale, has been augmented by subsequent benefactions; the management is vested in twelve governors, who are a body corporate, and have a common seal; the school-room was rebuilt in 1783, and a small neat chapel erected over it by subscription. A school on Dr. Bell's system, for 200 children, was established by Bishop Barrington, who also gave £100, to which an equal sum was added by the Rev. John Farrer, for the erection of a house for the master. A school, for twenty boys, was founded by Mr. Walton in 1772, the master has a house, and a salary of £20 per annum. The school of industry for girls was instituted by Dr. Barrington, in 1815; and almshouses for two men and two women were founded and endowed by Bishop Cosins in the reign of Charles II. From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale |
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