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Allerton (North) in York County England History and GeographyALLERTON (NORTH), a parish in the wapentake of ALLERTONSHIRE, north riding of the county of YORK, comprising the borough and market town of North Allerton, the chapelries of Brompton, Deighton, and High Worsall, and the township of Romanby, and containing 4431 inhabitants, of which number, 2626 are in the town, 32 miles (N. W. by N.) from York, and 224 (N.N.W.) from London. It is supposed to have been a Roman station, and subsequently a Saxon borough; in Domesday-book it is called Alvertune and Alreton, the prefix was applied to distinguish it from Allerton Mauleverer. It is supposed to have been greatly injured, if not destroyed, by Beornredus, or Earnredus, who, in 769, burnt the town of Catterick, about eight miles distant. At Cowton Moor, about three miles off, the celebrated battle of the Standard was fought in 1138, between the English and the Scots, in which the latter were defeated, with the loss of 11,000 men: the spot is still called Standard Hill, and the holes into which the dead were thrown, the Scots' Pits. About 1174, Henry II. ordered the demolition of the episcopal palace, supposed to have been built by Geoffrey, Bishop of Durham, and which had been strongly fortified by Hugh Pudsey: traces of the foundation are still visible on the western side of the town. In 1318, the Scots plundered and burnt the town. During the civil war, Charles I., in one of his journies to Scotland, lodged here in an old mansion called the Porch-house. In the rebellion of 1745, the English army, under the Duke of Cumberland, encamped on the Castle hills. The town is pleasantly situated in a valley, and consists chiefly of one spacious street, half a mile in length, partially paved, and containing some good houses. It has long given name to a district called Allertonshire, now constituting the wapentake. The principal branches of manufacture are those of linen and leather: the market day is Wednesday, and the fairs are held on February 14th, September 5th and 6th, October 3rd and 4th, and the second Wednesday in the latter month. The borough first exercised the elective franchise in the 26th of Edward I., but made no subsequent return till 1640, since which time it has regularly sent two members to parliament: the right of election is vested in the proprietors of ancient burgage houses, about two hundred in number. The vote is, in some instances, detached from the tenement by granting long lcases at a nominal rent; the houses in that case are under-let to poor tenants, on condition of their keeping them in repair. In disposing of any of these houses to another proprietor, the right of conferring the elective franchise is valued at £100. The bailiff, who is appointed by letters patent from the bishop of Durham, is the returning officer. The gencral quarter sessions for the north riding, in the weeks after Christmas and Easter, and on the 11th of July and the 18th of October, and a weekly meeting of the county magistrates, are held here. The sessions house is an elegant building erected about 1790, annexed to which is a house of correction, on the plan of Mr. Howard, containing thirty cells. Westward from the sessions house is the registrar's office for the north riding, where the Bishop of Durham holds his courts. The living, a viearage, is a peculiar, belonging to the Dean and Chapter of Durham, rated in the king's books at £17. The church, dedicated to All Saints, is supposed to have been built soon after the destruction of the town by the Scots, in 1381; it is a spacious cruciform structure, with a square tower rising from the centre, and decorated with pinnacles at the angles. There are places of worship for Independents and Wesleyan Methodists. The free grammar, now the parochial, school is of royal foundation, but the date thereof is uncertain: it has a small endowment, and an interest in five scholarships founded by Bishop Cosins, at Peter-house, Cambridge, in failure of applieants from the school at Durham. It has also a contingent interest in twelve exhibitions founded by Lord Crewe, at Lincoln College, Oxford. The school house was rebuilt in 1777. Dr. William Palliser, Archbishop of Cashel; Dr. George Hickes, Dean of Worcester, and author of a Dictionary of the Northern Languages; Dr. Thomas Burnet, master of the charter-house, London; Mr. Rymer, editor of the F'dera; Dr. Radcliffe; and the Rev. John Kettlewell, were educated here. The National school, for boys and girls, and the Sunday school, established in 1787, are supported by subscription. The Hospital, or Maison de Dieu, was founded in 1476, by Richard de Moore, a draper in this town, for thirteen poor people; it has been rebuilt at the expense of the inhabitants, but the number of inmates is redueed to six. The Rev. John Kettlewell, of St. Andrew's, Holborn, London, bequeathed an cstate in the township of Brompton, called Low Moor Farm, directing the proceeds, to be divided among the poor of North Allerton and Brompton. There are some remains of a monastery of Carmelites, founded by Thomas Hatfield, Bishop of Durham; and the site of St. James's Hospital, about a mile from the town is still visible. There are also vestiges of a military road leading from Aldby, the Derventio of the Romans, through this town to Catterick. North Allerton, in the reign of Anne, gave the title of viscount to the Elector of Hanover, afterwards George I. Edmund Guest, Bishop of Salisbury, almoner to Queen Elizabeth, was born in this town. From Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England 1831, courtesy of Databases 4 Sale |
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